This study investigates knowledge contributors’ satisfaction with a distinct type of virtual communities (i.e., transactional virtual communities, TVCs), where knowledge sharing is guided mainly under the principle of economic exchange, and cost–benefit tradeoff is the primary motive for knowledge sharing. Drawing upon the goal attainment theory, we examine the effects of two types of benefits ...

Rainfall observations in the Sahel region of West Africa show significant variability at the timescale of decades. Here we explore the mechanisms of this lowfrequency variability using a coupled biosphere-atmosphere model which includes explicit representation of vegetation dynamics. By forcing the model with the observed sea surface temperature (SST) of the tropical Atlantic Ocean during the p...

Embedded in a larger qualitative research framework on organizational effectiveness, this paper explores the role of small treaty secretariats—conceptualised as a distinct type of intergovernmental organizations—in international politics. Although the relevance of bureaucratic actors in international negotiations and regime implementation has been acknowledged by a number of scholars, IR resear...