Mitochondria isolated from the leaves of several plant species were investigated for the presence of NAD-linked formate dehydrogenase. The NADH produced was oxidized by the electron transport sequence and was coupled to ATP synthesis. The amounts of formate dehydrogenase, and, thereby, the capacity for formate-dependent O(2) uptake, varied greatly among species. While no activity was detectable...

There is considerable evidence that a critical reaction in purine synthesis is the closure of the purine ring by the addition of a “formate” group to 4-amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (1). Apparently the “formate” is added as an active intermediate, since formate as such has little effect in stimulating purine synthesis. Indeed, there is a demonstrable difference in the utilization ...

Rates of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), formate, and acetate mineralization and/or assimilation were determined in 13 high-temperature (>73 °C) hot springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, in order to evaluate the relative importance of these substrates in supporting microbial metabolism. While 9 of the hot spring communities exhibited rates of DIC assimilation that were greater ...

Thermococcus onnurineus NA1, a sulfur-reducing hyperthermophilic archaeon, is capable of H(2)-producing growth, considered to be hydrogenogenic carboxydotrophy. Utilization of formate as a sole energy source has been well studied in T. onnurineus NA1. However, whether formate can be used as its carbon source remains unknown. To obtain a global view of the metabolic characteristics of H(2)-produ...

The considerations which prompted an investigation of the r61e of folic acid in formate metabolism were discussed in an earlier paper (1) in which it was reported that rats deficient in this vitamin incorporated less of a standard dose of CY4-formate into certain amino acids and heme than did rats fed folic acid. There is abundant microbiological evidence to indicate an interrelationship betwee...

Previous experiments have shown that when hypoxanthine is synthesized de novo from formate, glycine, and CO2 in extracts or homogenates of pigeon liver these substrates are utilized for purine synthesis in the molecular ratio of 2: 1: 1 (1). Formate is the precursor of carbon atoms 2 and 8 of the purine base; glycine, of atoms 4, 5, and 7; and CO2 of atom 6 (2, 3). The present problem originate...

The methyltransferase, M.EcoKI, recognizes the DNA sequence 5'-AACNNNNNNGTGC-3' and methylates adenine at the underlined positions. DNA methylation has been shown by crystallography to occur via a base flipping mechanism and is believed to be a general mechanism for all methyltransferases. If no structure is available, the fluorescence of 2-aminopurine is often used as a signal for base flippin...

Formate stimulates sodium chloride and fluid reabsorption in kidney proximal tubule; however, the exact cellular mechanism of this effect remains unknown. We hypothesized that the primary target of formate is the apical Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. Here, we demonstrate that formate directly enhances the apical Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE3) activity in mouse kidney proximal tubule. In the absence of CO(2...