Abstract Cryptic species represent a challenge for documenting global biodiversity. Even in well-studied groups, such as European butterflies, the application of integrative approaches has allowed recognition an unexpected number cryptic taxa. Here, we combine analysis mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase I, COI) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer 2, ITS2) markers with geometric morphometr...

Observations were made that falsify planetary formation via proto-planetary disk. An alternative model is proposed. Observations that Falsify the Proto-planetary Disk/Nebular Hypothesis Model: 1. Older stars are still mislabeled by mainstream as planets/exo-planets. [1] They orbit the opposite direction their host star is rotating. [2] The backwards orbits completely falsifies any notion of a c...

Observations were made that falsify planetary formation via proto-planetary disk. An alternative model is proposed. Observations that Falsify the Proto-planetary Disk/Nebular Hypothesis Model: 1. Older stars are still mislabeled by mainstream as planets/exo-planets. [1] They orbit the opposite direction their host star is rotating. [2] The backwards orbits completely falsifies any notion of a c...

Many philosophers think that human and animal minds are radically different from one another. Either they differ architecturally, in such a way that only humans have genuine concepts and propositional attitudes (while animals at best have proto-concepts and proto-attitudes), or humans possess a second mind (a conscious System 2 mind) that nonhuman animals lack. This article will argue that both...

ABSTRACT Proto ols or part of proto ols are frequently reused through proje ts if they are suÆ iently generi . For instan e, the Contra t Net proto ol an be used verbatim or in other proto ols su h as the supply hain management. This reusability might be diÆ ult to do due to the la k of reusability in urrent intera tion proto ol formalisms. In this paper, we present a new approa h based on a mo...

This paper demonstrates the tractability of a highly restricted temporal logic, into which English sentences containing a variety of temporal prepositional constructions can be translated. This paper is intended as a preliminary study for a larger project of identifying tractable temporal logics corresponding to temporal constructions in natural language. This larger project also includes curre...