There is a need for more skilful medium-term rainfall forecasts for the Bowen Basin, a key coal-mining region in Queensland, Australia. Prolonged heavy rainfall during the 2010–2011 summer was not forecasted and it severely affected industry operations. Official forecasts are currently based on general circulation models (GCMs) and indicate there will be change in the timing and strength of the...

Rain gauges are widely used to obtain temporally continuous point rainfall records, which are then interpolated into spatially continuous data to force hydrological models. However, rainfall measurements and interpolation procedure are subject to various uncertainties, which can be reduced by applying quality control and selecting appropriate spatial interpolation approaches. Consequently, the ...

THIS APPENDIX PROVIDES a simple model of basis risk based on Clarke (2011) and uses it to argue that our 2011 insurance experiment can be used to test whether migration is risky and migrants are risk averse.1 There are two payoff-relevant states {L H} which lead to income at the destination yL ≤ yH . We assume pr(H) = πy . There are two rainfall states {RL RH} and rainfall insurance makes a pay...

Indonesia lies in a tropical climate area and depends on rainfall as the main source of irrigation. Changes patterns air temperature directly impact water availability for irrigation purposes, including Danda Besar Swamp Irrigation Area (DIR). DIR is tidal swamp field, but power cannot reach several areas, so it needs to use rainwater supply demand becomes rainfed agriculture. The observation c...

Macro Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) under recorded and forecasting rainfall scenarios helps to overcome the water shortage problem. Eastern Sinjar District-Iraq had been investigated for the potential of RWH with a catchment area of four basins. Three recorded rainfall scenarios (S1, S2, and S3) were diagnosed representing seasons of the maximum, minimum and average weekly rainfall events for the ...

Received: 02, May, 2015 Final Accepted: 12, June, 2015 Published Online: 16, June, 2015 Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES)/Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading viral cause of disability in India. Our study was carried out to comprehend the prevalence of AES/JE cases in 2011-12 at Lakhimpur district of Assam and to find out their association with environmental factors (particularly rainfall)...

Using long-term data on two kangaroo rats in the Chihuahuan Desert of North America, we fitted logistic models including the exogenous effects of seasonal rainfall patterns. Our aim was to test the effects of intraspecific interactions and seasonal rainfall in explaining and predicting the numerical fluctuations of these two kangaroo rats. We found that logistic models fit both data sets quite ...

We develop an approach to utilize anisotropic metamaterials to solve one of the fundamental problems of modern plasmonics--parasitic scattering of surface waves into free-space modes, opening the road to truly two-dimensional plasmonic optics. We illustrate the developed formalism on the examples of plasmonic refractor and plasmonic crystal, and discuss limitations of the developed technique an...

Characterization of Pre-Monsoon Aerosol and Aerosol-Cloud-Rainfall Interactions in Central Nepal by Prabhakar Shrestha Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Ana P. Barros, Supervisor ___________________________ Andrei Khlystov ___________________________ John D. Albertson ___________________________ M...