Background: Aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the gated volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT/RapidArc) using 2D planar dosimetry, DynaLog files and COMPASS 3D dosimetry system. Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment quality assurance of 10 gated VMAT plans was verified using 2D array and COMPASS 3D dosimetry system. Advantage of COMPASS over 2D planar is that it provides the clin...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate if three-dimensional power Doppler (3DPD) ultrasound (US) can detect bacterial cystitis in dogs better than two-dimensional (2D) US. Animals: Six mixed breed dogs Procedures: Ten ml of 0.1% alcoholic solution of salicylic acid was entered into the urinary bladder of six male mixed-breed dogs by catheter. Twenty four hours later, culture sol...

Dimensionless coefficient () in convergence confinement method shows the relaxation of stress in the wall of the tunnel at different excavation movements. This factor is considered a constant number in previous studies and tunnel geometric characteristics (such as depth, cross-section shape, radius, soil material, etc.) are not included in its determination; however, ignoring these effects can...

Traditional bidirectional two-dimension (2D) principal component analysis ((2D)PCA-L2) is sensitive to outliers because its objective function is the least squares criterion based on L2-norm. This paper proposes a simple but effective L1-norm-based bidirectional 2D principal component analysis ((2D)PCA-L1), which jointly takes advantage of the merits of bidirectional 2D subspace learning and L1...

Given a shape, a skeleton is a thin centered structure which jointly describes the topology and the geometry of the shape. Skeletons provide an alternative to classical boundary or volumetric representations, which is especially effective for applications where one needs to reason about, and manipulate, the structure of a shape. These skeleton properties make them powerful tools for many types ...