We demonstrate the formation of a macroscopically oriented inverse bicontinuous cubic (Q(II)) lipid phase from a sponge (L(3)) phase by controlled hydration during shear flow. The L(3) phase was the monoolein/butanediol/water system; the addition of water reduces the butanediol concentration, inducing the formation of a diamond (Q(II)(D)) cubic phase, which is oriented by the shear flow. The ph...

BACKGROUND 1,4-Butanediol is an industrial solvent that, when ingested, is converted to gamma-hydroxybutyrate, a drug of abuse with depressant effects, primarily on the central nervous system. After reports of toxic effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and its resultant regulation by the federal government, 1,4-butanediol and gamma-butyrolactone, another precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and an in...

Polyols can be synthesized from carbohydrates in bioor chemo-catalytic way. The conversion of polyols with two hydroxyl groups in 1,4-positions, for example 1,4-butanediol, results in furan derivatives. In contrast, during the dehydration of diols with two vicinal hydroxyl groups, for example, 1,2-propaneand 1,2-butanediol, aldehydes or ketones are formed [1] . This will be presented exemplaril...

The gene encoding a (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis WZ010 (ReBDH) was over-expressed in Escherichia coli and the resulting recombinant ReBDH was successfully purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. The purified ReBDH in the native form was found to exist as a monomer with a calculated subunit size of 37180, belonging to the family of the zinc-containing alcoho...

The dielectric relaxation of water rich aqueous solutions of ethanol, ehtylene glycol, glycerol, diethylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol and 1,4-butanediol has been measured at 20 °C. In all cases the fitting of the data by a sum of Debye type spectral components allows for two description modes which can be interpreted as a collective alteration of the water relaxation or, on the oth...

1,3-Butanediol is an ethanol dimer that induces systemic ketosis. It has previously been shown to increase hypoxic survival time and reduce neurologic deficit in several experimental preparations. The aim of this study was to determine if the mechanism of 1,3-butanediol-induced cerebral protection was elevation of blood ketone levels, blood glucagon levels, or both. Blood beta-hydroxybutyrate l...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Acetoin and 2,3-butanediol are two important biorefinery platform chemicals. They are currently fermented below 40°C using mesophilic strains, but the processes often suffer from bacterial contamination. RESULTS This work reports the isolation and identification of a novel aerobic Geobacillus strain XT15 capable of producing both of these chemicals under elevated temp...

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 The functional reconstruction of acetoin and meso-2,3-butanediol biosynthetic pathways in E. coli have been systematically explored. Pathway construction involved the in vivo screening of prospective pathway isozymes of yeast and bacterial origin. After substantial engineering of the host background to increase pyruvate availability, E. coli YY...

Experimental results of dielectric investigations for binary mixtures of 2, 3-butanediol, 2, 3-BD, in2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 2EH, were reported for various mole fractions and temperatures (298.2-308.2) Kand they were used to calculate dielectric parameters such as Kirkwood correlation factor, excesspermittivity and Bruggeman parameter. These parameters were used to carry out temperaturedependent die...