CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize antigen in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Class I epitopes have been classified as dominant or subdominant depending on the magnitude of the CTL response to the epitope. In this report, we have examined the in vitro memory CTL response of H-2(d) haplotype murine CD8(+) T lymphocytes specific for a dominant...

Peptide presentation is critical for immune recognition of pathogen-infected cells by CD8+ T lymphocytes. Although a limited number of immunodominant peptide epitopes are consistently observed in diseases such as HIV-1 infection, the relationship between immunodominance and antigen processing in humans is largely unknown. Here, we have demonstrated that endogenous processing and presentation of...

An analytical system based on rRNA-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was established for the precise evaluation of human intestinal microbiota. Group- and species-specific primer sets for Clostridium perfringens, Lactobacillus spp. (six subgroups and three species), Enterococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. targeting 16S rRNA gene sequences were newly developed for the ...

Horse-flies were collected with "H-trap" type traps in order to better understand the distribution of domestic species at seven sampling locations Southern Transdanubia, summer 2019. Individuals 21 identified material. Haematopota italica, H. pluvialis, Tabanus autumnalis, T. bromius, sudeticus, tergestinus and Atylotus loewianus proved be most common same time largest number collected. The tab...

CD8 1 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize antigen in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Class I epitopes have been classified as dominant or subdominant depending on the magnitude of the CTL response to the epitope. In this report, we have examined the in vitro memory CTL response of H-2 d haplotype murine CD8 1 T lymphocytes specific for a dominant an...

Interspecific social dominance mimicry (ISDM) is a form of social parasitism in which a subordinate species evolves to mimic and deceive a dominant interference competitor in order to avoid attack by the dominant species. ISDM has been proposed to result in (1) antagonistic coevolutionary arms races in appearance between the model and the mimic (e.g., Ramphastos toucans) and (2) the evolution o...

Most common plant oils have little α-linolenic acid (C18:3(Δ9,12,15), ALA) and an unhealthy ω6/ω3 ratio. Here, fatty acids (FAs) in the seeds of 11 species of Paeonia L., including 10 tree peony and one herbaceous species, were explored using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Results indicated that all Paeonia had a ω6/ω3 ratio less than 1.0, and high amounts of ALA (26.7-50%), oleic acid (C...

Given a matroid M on the ground set E, the Bergman fan B̃(M), or space of M -ultrametrics, is a polyhedral complex in RE which arises in several different areas, such as tropical algebraic geometry, dynamical systems, and phylogenetics. Motivated by the phylogenetic situation, we study the following problem: Given a point ω in RE , we wish to find an M -ultrametric which is closest to it in the ...

Negative selection is designed to purge the immune system of high-avidity, self-reactive T cells and thereby protect the host from overt autoimmunity. In this in vivo viral infection model, we show that there is a previously unappreciated dichotomy involved in negative selection in which high-avidity CD8(+) T cells specific for a dominant epitope are eliminated, whereas T cells specific for a s...