background: the present work aims to study the out-of-field photon calculation accuracy of a commercial treatment planning system (tps), oncentra, for three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3d-crt) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (imrt) treatment techniques from elekta synergy medical linear accelerator. materials and methods: accuracy of individual out-of-field dose components was...

Introduction: Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D CRT) are two treatment modalities in prostate cancer, which provide acceptable dose distribution in tumor region with sparing the surrounding normal tissues. IMRT is based on inverse planning optimization; in which, intensity of beams is modified by using multileaf c...

Magnetic resonance visual cystoscopy or MR cystography (MRC) is an emerging tool for bladder tumor detection, and 3D endoscopic views on the inner bladder surface are being investigated by researchers. In this paper, we further investigate an innovative strategy of visualizing the inner surface by flattening the 3D surface into a 2D display, where conformal mapping, a mathematically-proved algo...

Magnetic resonance visual cystoscopy or MR cystography (MRC) is an emerging tool for bladder tumor detection, where three-dimensional (3D) endoscopic views on the inner bladder surface are being investigated by researchers. In this paper, we further investigate an innovative strategy of visualizing the inner surface by flattening the 3D surface into a 2D display, where conformal mapping, a math...

background: identify the optimal technique of radiotherapy for patients with high grade glioma. our initial year of experience with rapidarc radiation therapy. materials and methods: planning ct scans of 50 patients with grade iv glioma were reviewed and three plan sets by 3d conformal radiotherapy (3dcrt), intensity modulated radiotherapy (imrt) and rapid arc (ra) were generated and the plans ...

0167-8655/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2011.05.014 ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M cinvestav.mx (E. Bayro-Corrochano). This paper presents the application of 2D and 3D Hough Transforms together with conformal geometric algebra to build 3D geometric maps using the geometric entities of lines and planes. Among several existing ...

We report on the conformal synthesis of ultrathin films from the amino acid histidine on flat silicon substrates and 3D periodic polymer structures via plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. We demonstrate the efficient utilization of this functional amino acid nanocoating for the formation of individual titania nanoparticles with dimensions from 2 to 15 nm depending upon reduction conditio...

We consider the 3d dual of 1 + 1 dimensional large-Nc QCD with quarks in the fundamental representation, also known as the ’t Hooft model. ’t Hooft solved this model by deriving a Schrödinger equation for the wavefunction of a parton inside the meson. In the scale-invariant limit, we show how this equation is related by a transform to the equation of motion for a scalar field in AdS3. We thus f...

A liquid foam in contact with a solid surface forms a two-dimensional foam on the surface. We derive the equilibrium equations for this 2D foam when the solid surface is curved and smooth, generalising the standard case of flat Hele-Shaw cells. The equilibrium conditions at the vertices in 2D, at the edges in 3D, are invariant by conformal transformations. Regarding the films, conformal invaria...

BACKGROUND We investigated how varying the treatment margin and applying hippocampal sparing and proton therapy impact the risk of neurocognitive impairment in pediatric medulloblastoma patients compared with current standard 3D conformal radiotherapy. METHODS We included 17 pediatric medulloblastoma patients to represent the variability in tumor location relative to the hippocampal region. T...