Elucidating the genetic architecture of population divergence may reveal the evolution of reproductive barriers and the genomic regions implicated in the process. We assembled genetic linkage maps for the dwarf and Normal lake whitefish species complex and their hybrids. A total of 877 AFLP loci and 30 microsatellites were positioned. The homology of mapped loci between families supported the e...

The increased use of area-array technology in electronic packaging recently has given greater importance to the manufacturers of predicting the thermal distribution of area-array solder interconnection. As the interconnection technology for flip chip package is getting finer and smaller and the shape of solder join becomes complex, it is extremely difficult to obtain the accurate stress and str...

Concentration and superconcentration operations play a central role in the constructions of nonblocking switching networks. This was established in a seminal effort by Bassalygo and Pinsker who showed that an n-input nonblocking switching network can be constructed with O(n log n) crosspoints if concentrators can be constructed with O(n) crosspoints. Starting with the pioneering work of Marguli...

Knowledge about the genetic architecture of interspecific hybrids enables the detection of genomic regions implicated in population divergence, hence providing insight into their role as potential barriers to gene flow. We assembled genetic linkage maps for the dwarf and Normal lake whitefish species complex and their hybrids. A total of 877 AFLP loci and 30 microsatellites were positioned. The...

Previous reports have described the differences in the friction and wear behavior between different zones of human teeth. The objective of this research was to study the friction and wear behavior of human teeth under different wear conditions to extend the understanding of the tooth wear process, as well as to provide a more rational explanation for wear mechanism of teeth. Two typical wear te...

Allaby et al. (1) investigate the phylogenetic consequences of crop domestication using forward simulations to mimic the domestication process. Their results suggest that monophyly of crop accessions is not a reasonable criterion for differentiating between multiple and single domestication events. Their simulations also produce the nonintuitive result that multiple domestication events more of...

Por muito tempo instalava-se somente implantes dentário de forma submersa durante o período cicatrização. Com passar dos anos, novos estudos foram realizados e comprovados a eficiência implantar implante com carga imediata funcional, diminuindo assim entre fase cirúrgica protética. O uso da técnica precisa ser bem planejado acordo as especificidades cada paciente, visto que, caso possui suas pa...

objectives: several studies have assessed the characteristics and properties of silorane-based composites and adhesive systems. considering the extensive application of tooth-whitening agents, possible deteriorative effects of tooth bleaching agents on these restorative materials must be studied. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an in-office carbamide peroxide-based tooth ble...

A multiscale-modeling framework for daily rainfall is considered and diagnostic results are presented for an application to the winter season in Northwest India. The daily rainfall process is considered to follow a hidden Markov model (HMM), with the hidden states assumed to be an unknown random function of slowly varying climatic modulation of the winter jet stream and moisture transport dynam...

Short lived aerosols and pollutants transported from northern mid-latitudes have amplified the short term warming in the Arctic region. Among those black carbon is recognized as the second most important human emission in regards to climate forcing, behind carbon dioxide, with a total climate forcing of +1.1 Wm−2. Studies have suggested that cropland burning may be a large contributor to the bl...