The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is the major coreceptor used for cellular entry by T cell- tropic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 strains, whereas CCR5 is used by macrophage (M)-tropic strains. Here we show that a small-molecule inhibitor, ALX40-4C, inhibits HIV-1 envelope (Env)-mediated membrane fusion and viral entry directly at the level of coreceptor use. ALX40-4C inhibited HIV-1 use of t...

Let G be a graph of su¢ ciently large order n; and let the largest eigenvalue (G) of its adjacency matrix satis…es (G) > p bn2=4c: Then G contains a cycle of length t for every t n=320: This condition is sharp: the complete bipartite graph T2 (n) with parts of size bn=2c and dn=2e contains no odd cycles and its largest eigenvalue is equal to p bn2=4c: This condition is stable: if (G) is close t...

BACKGROUND Dental fear accounts for 41% of the non-habitual dental attendance such as visiting only when in pain among adult Finns. Dentists should be able to recognize patients in risk for irregular attendance due to dental fear and measure their fear with valid and reliable instrument that capture the multidimensionality of dental fear. The study's aim was to translate the Index of Dental Anx...

OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with destruction of type II collagen-rich hyaline articular cartilage. We hypothesized that classical interstitial collagenases cleave collagen type II, leading to the increased expression of the 3/4 native type II collagen fragment (COL2-3/4C) and the corresponding denatured type II collagen fragment (COL2-3/4M), which could correlate with different ...

BACKGROUND Heterogeneous disease trajectories of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia are frequently encountered in clinical practice, but there is still insufficient knowledge to understand the reasons and mechanisms causing this heterogeneity. In addition to correlates of the disorder, patient characteristics such as their health status, social environment, comorbidities and frailty m...

Previously, we have shown the preferential incorporation of label from [3-‘%]acetoacetate, D-( -)-3-hydroxy[3-%]butyrate, and [2-‘4C]glucose into sterols and fatty acids in brain in Id-day-old rats. In these experiments, we assumed that the labeled metabolites would be used from the blood in the form which was injected. However, during metabolic processes, a labeled metabolite which is present ...

Because angiogenesis plays a major role in the perpetuation of inflammatory arthritis, we explored a method for selectively targeting and destroying new synovial blood vessels. Mice with collagen-induced arthritis were injected intravenously with phage expressing an RGD motif. In addition, the RGD peptide (RGD-4C) was covalently linked to a proapoptotic heptapeptide dimer, D(KLAKLAK)2, and was ...

introduction bnct is an effective method to destroy brain tumoral cells while sparing the healthy tissues. the recommended flux for epithermal neutrons is 109 n/cm2s, which has the most effectiveness on deep-seated tumors. in this paper, it is indicated that using d-t neutron source and optimizing of beam shaping assembly (bsa) leads to treating brain tumors in a reasonable time where all iaea ...

During the last decades, a number of models is introduced in research, addressing different perspectives of the organizations’ competencies in collaborative networks. This paper introduces the “4C-model”, developed to address competencies of organizations, involved in Virtual organizations Breeding Environments (VBEs), from a new perspective. Design of the 4Cmodel aims at modeling those charact...