C4 bumps are susceptible to electromigration failure due to large power-supply currents. Electromigration failure is exacerbated by manufacturing variability, which increases bump resistance and consequently the current draw in neighboring bumps. A typical solution entails adding redundant bumps while guard-banding the maximum current per bump. Instead, we propose a mixed-integer linear program...

Bump bond assembly of sensors and circuit chips is often a critical step for detector projects, and yet it can be expensive, time consuming, and carry high technical risk. In particular bump formation on singulated die, as obtained on multi-project wafer runs, is difficult due to the hydrodynamics of resist coating and handling of small parts. An increasing number of science applications need t...

Observed ultraviolet (UV) colours of nearby disc galaxies show a reddening relative to their expected intrinsic colours. Since the 2175 Å bump found in the Milky Way’s dust extinction law blues the UV colours, it might suggest that dust in nearby disc galaxies does not have the bump and that the Milky Way is exceptional. However, this conclusion can be modified by the effect of scatterings. If ...

The linear range of approximately±75 mV of traditional subthreshold transconductance amplifiers is too small for certain applications—for example, for filters in electronic cochleas, where it is desirable to handle loud sounds without distortion and to have a large dynamic range. We describe a transconductance amplifier designed for low-power (< 1μW) subthreshold operation with a wide input lin...

We analyze the effect of a heterogeneous variance on bump detection in a Gaussian regression model. To this end we allow for a simultaneous bump in the variance and specify its impact on the difficulty to detect the null signal against a single bump with known signal strength. This is done by calculating lower and upper bounds, both based on the likelihood ratio. Lower and upper bounds together...

Blinn [1] introduced bump mapping as a technique that makes a surface appear rough or wrinkled. This affect is achieved by perturbing the normals used in the illumination computation. Hence, it only affects the shading, not the underlying geometry. The bump map can contain height values that will affect the normal of each pixel. However, it can as an alternative contain normals that have been c...

Bump mapping is a normal-perturbation rendering technique for simulating lighting effects caused by patterned irregularities on otherwise locally smooth surfaces. By encoding such surface patterns in texture maps, texture-based bump mapping simulates a surface’s irregular lighting appearance without modeling the patterns as true geometric perturbations to the surface. Bump mapping is advantageo...

The existence of localized activity patterns, or bumps, has been investigated in a variety of spatially distributed neuronal network models that contain both excitatory and inhibitory coupling between cells. Here we show that a neuronal network with purely excitatory synaptic coupling can exhibit localized activity. Bump formation ensues from an initial transient synchrony of a localized group ...

1 Implementing Radial Basis Functions Using Bump-Resistor Networks John G. Harris University of Florida EE Dept., 436 CSE Bldg 42 Gainesville, FL 32611 [email protected] .edu Abstract| Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks provide a powerful learning architecture for neural networks [6]. We have implemented a RBF network in analog VLSI using the concept of bump-resistors. A bump-resistor is a ...

We examine a new 2nd order integrator recently found by Omelyan et al. The integration error of the new integrator measured in the root mean square of the energy difference, 〈∆H2〉1/2, is about 10 times smaller than that of the standard 2nd order leapfrog (2LF) integrator. As a result, the step size of the new integrator can be made about three times larger. Taking into account a factor 2 increa...