This work defines an extension CERES of the first-order cut-elimination method CERES to the subclass of sequent calculus proofs in second-order logic using quantifier-free comprehension. This extension is motivated by the fact that cut-elimination can be used as a tool to extract information from real mathematical proofs, and often a crucial part of such proofs is the definition of sets by form...

[1] Using broadband shortwave radiance measurements from the Clouds and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) sensors onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites, empirical angular distribution models (EADM) are constructed for smoke aerosols. These EADMs are constructed for smoke aerosols emitted during the biomass burning season (August‐October), in South America. All available years (2000–2008) of b...

Ceres Sementes do Brasil, Ltda is an affiliate of Ceres, Inc, founded in 1996 with headquarters in Thousand Oaks, California, USA, focused on development and marketing of non-food grasses for advanced biofuels and biopower with the aim of providing new opportunities for growers and a cleaner environment for us all. In 2009, Ceres Inc. founded its first Brazilian affiliate in São Paulo and initi...

Ceres is the most massive body of the asteroid belt and contains about 25 wt.% (weight percent) of water. Understanding its thermal evolution and assessing its current state are major goals of the Dawn Mission. Constraints on its internal structure can be inferred from various observations. Especially, detailed knowledge of the rotational motion can help constrain the mass distribution inside t...

Asteroids provide fundamental clues to the formation and evolution of planetesimals. Collisional models based on the depletion of the primordial main belt of asteroids predict 10-15 craters >400 km should have formed on Ceres, the largest object between Mars and Jupiter, over the last 4.55 Gyr. Likewise, an extrapolation from the asteroid Vesta would require at least 6-7 such basins. However, C...

Liquid Water Inside Ceres: The icy dwarf planet Ceres (radius ≈475 km, density 2.1 g.cm−3, semi-major axis 2.8 AU) is the only body besides the Earth and Mars where carbonates have been observed along with brucite, another product of aqueous alteration [1]. Ceres will be visited by the Dawn spacecraft in 2015, which will offer an opportunity to constrain the origin of this large icy body. For e...

Cut-elimination is the most prominent form of proof transformation in logic. The elimination of cuts in formal proofs corresponds to the removal of intermediate statements (lemmas) in mathematical proofs. The cut-elimination method CERES (cut-elimination by resolution) works by extracting a set of clauses from a proof with cuts. Any resolution refutation of this set then serves as a skeleton of...

[1] Clouds and the Earth’s radiant energy system (CERES) is a satellite-based remote sensing system designed to monitor the Earth’s radiation budget. In this paper we examine uncertainties in the angular distribution models (ADMs) used by CERES over permanently snow covered surfaces with clear skies. These ADMs are a key part of the CERES data processing algorithms, used to convert the observed...

This study introduces new CERES Angular Distribution Models (ADMs) for estimating shortwave, longwave and window top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes from broadband radiance measurements. By combining CERES measurements with narrowband, high-resolution imager measurements, up to a factor 4 improvement in TOA flux accuracy is achieved compared to TOA flux estimates from previous experiments, such ...