background: diabetic nephropathy is considered to be the most common cause of end stage renal disease (esrd). proteinuria is declared as the most marked risk factor in progression towards esrd. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pentoxifylline for reduction of proteinuria in type ii diabetic patients. methods: from may 2007 to june 2008, this randomized clinical trial study w...

664 NATURE | VOL 400 | 12 AUGUST 1999 | www.nature.com point mutations on the performance of digital organisms. In all cases, the ®tness (replication rate) of each mutant was calculated in the same environment in which its simple or complex parent evolved, and the mutant's ®tness is expressed relative to the parent. The ®rst tool makes every possible one-step point mutant for a particular paren...

background: visfatin is a new adipocytokine which is largely secreted by visceral adipose tissue and its effects in the development of diabetes and inflammatory reactions are similar to insulin. it acts synergistically with insulin in increasing glucose cellular uptake, stimulating glucose transfer to the muscle and adipose tissue, as well as in preventing hepatic glucose production. its insuli...

Metals, including iron, are present at high concentrations in amyloid plaques in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, where they are also thought to be cofactors in generating oxidative stress and modulating amyloid formation. In this study, we present data from several Drosophila models of neurodegenerative proteinopathies indicating that the interaction between iron and amyloid beta peptide ...

Antifolates, in particular methotrexate (MTX), have been widely used in the treatment of primary and secondary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Pemetrexed (PMX) is a novel antifolate that also exhibits potent antitumor activity against CNS malignancies. Studies have shown that brain distribution of both antifolates is significantly restricted, possible due to active efflux transport ...

abstract        background and objective: osteoporosis is one of the complications of diabetes. the aim of this study was to determine the impact of resistance training along with portulaca oleracea supplementation on opg and nfκb levels (bone markers) in women with type ii diabetes.        methods: overall, 28 women with type ii diabetes (44 to 60 years old) were randomly and equally assigned ...

background: type ii diabetes is known as one of the most important, prevalent, and expensive diseases of mankind. late diagnosis and subsequent delayed initiation of treatment or surveillance of patients create a variety of problems for affected individuals. this has raised increasing concerns for public health authorities throughout the world. in the current study, we aimed to find a new appro...

The interaction of several biogenic amines and Compound A (2-(4-acetoxyphenyl)-2-chloro- N-methyl-ethylammonium chloride), an analogue of the active substance in a HPLC fraction isolated from the shrub, Salsola tuberculatiformis Botsch., with cytochrome P450c11 was investigated. Noradrenaline, octopamine and Compound A inhibited the type I DOC induced difference spectrum of P450c11 and elicited...

The purpose of this paper is to obtain the tracking interval for difference of expected Kullback-Leibler risks of two models under Type II hybrid censoring scheme. This interval helps us to evaluate proposed models in comparison with each other. We drive a statistic which tracks the difference of expected Kullback–Leibler risks between maximum likelihood estimators of the distribution in two diff...