interactive, with immediate support, modelling, monitoring and feedback. However, especially in the early years, most parents might be expected to be more ‘expert’ than their children (for example in reading), and the social and emotional tone and content of the parent-child relationship is very different from that of a peer relationship – praise and other forms of reinforcement might be even m...

naming and translation. Comprehension processes benefited from prior production in the same language, and production processes benefited from prior comprehension. However, these response time reductions were smaller than with identical process repetition, suggesting some degree of process directionality. Error rate reductions followed a different pattern, with comprehension at encoding elicitin...

Ultrasound has been in clinical use in the field of obstetrics since 1978. With advances in technology, there has been improvement in resolution, allowing for far better imaging of the fetus. This together with new developments in the field of screening for pregnancy disorders has lead to a change in the clinical application of ultrasound in the care of routine low risk pregnant women. Techniqu...