Purpose Glucocorticoids are widely used medications. In many pharmacoepidemiological studies, duration of individual prescriptions and definition of treatment episodes are important issues. However, many data sources lack this information. We aimed to estimate duration of individual prescriptions for oral glucocorticoids and to describe continuous treatment episodes using the parametric waiting...

This study examined the association between physical activity (PA) and bone mineral content (BMC; gram) from middle childhood to middle adolescence and compared the impact of vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) over moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA). Participants from the Iowa bone development study were examined at ages 5, 8, 11, 13, and 15 years (n = 369, 449, 452, 410, and 307, respectively)...

In the time since Pareto first documented skewed distributions of incomes and wealth, economists have focused attention on inequality in the distributions of earnings, income, and wealth. However, for a long time economists paid relatively more attention to inequality within generations relative to inequality within families across generations.1 Solon (1999)’s chapter in the Handbook of Labor E...

IMPORTANCE Physician practice consolidation could promote higher-quality care but may also create greater economic market power that could lead to higher prices for physician services. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between physician competition and prices paid by private preferred provider organizations (PPOs) for 10 types of office visits in 10 prominent specialties. DESIGN AND SETT...

OBJECTIVE To report the percentile distribution of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in older people by age, sex, and education level, estimated from longitudinal data, after correcting for loss due to dropout. METHODS The Cambridge City over 75 Cohort is a population-based study of a cohort of 2106 subjects age 75 years and older at study entry followed up over 9 years. At each of ...

BACKGROUND Macrosomia has been defined in various ways by obstetricians and researchers. The purpose of the present study was to search for a definition of macrosomia through an outcome-based approach. METHODS In a study of 30,831,694 singleton term live births and 38,053 stillbirths in the U.S. Linked Birth-Infant Death Cohort datasets (1995-2004), we compared the occurrence of stillbirth, n...

background: childhood obesity could induce some risk factors for cardiovascular disease (cvd) including serum lipid abnormalities, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. the present study aimed to comparison the lipid profile in normal children with cases having overweight, obesity and central obesity . methods : i n this case control study , which was conducted 2013 , serum lipids for three groups...

objective: this study was performed to evaluate the normative data and psychometric properties and the internal consistency of the farsi (persian) version of the strength and difficulties questionnaire (sdq) self-report form, as a screening tool in a community-based sample of 12 to 17 year-old   adolescents of urban tehran. materials & methods:  in this investigation, 1105 adolescents (12 to 17...

To determine regional percentile values and compare them with currently used national and international curves, we determined the birth weight, height and head and chest circumference of 3688 term neonates born in a state hospital in the Anatolian part of Istanbul, Turkey. Mean birth weight, height and head and chest circumference were 3334 (SD 494) g, 48.3 (SD 2.2) cm, 34.4 (SD 1.3) cm and 32....