OBJECTIVES To assess whether short message service (SMS) text messages sent as prenotification or postnotification reminders improve questionnaire response rates in randomized controlled trial (RCT) follow-up. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Three "trials within a trial" assessed text message notifications sent before or after receipt of a follow-up questionnaire within an RCT for patients with depr...

BACKGROUND Back pain is reported to occur already in childhood, but its development at that age is not well understood. The aims of this study were to describe BP in children aged 6-12 years, and to investigate any sex and age differences. METHODS Data on back pain (defined as pain in the neck, mid back and/or lower back) were collected once a week from parents replying to automated text-mess...

Supervised clustering is a data mining technique that assigns a set of data to predefined classes by analyzing dataset attributes. It is considered as an important technique for information retrieval, management, and mining in information systems. Since customer satisfaction is the main goal of organizations in modern society, to meet the requirements, 137 call center of Tehran city council is ...

BACKGROUND There has been a large decline in female genital circumcision (FGC) in Egypt in recent decades. Understanding how this change has occurred so rapidly has been an area of particular interest to policymakers and public health officials alike who seek to further discourage the practice elsewhere. METHODS We document the trends in this decline in the newest cohorts of young girls and e...

At this time of uncertainty, viral marketing is emerging as one of the most intriguing communication strategies, due to low cost and the results it obtains. However, the success of this kind of practice depends on a range of factors including what we explore and refer to in the present research as the individual’s ‘‘viral dynamics’’. We thus propose a causal model in which viral dynamics is det...

The North American species of Brachygluta Thomson, 1859 are revised, treating a total of 29 species. Six names are placed as junior synonyms: Bryaxis perpunctata Brendel, 1890 (=B. luniger LeConte, 1849), B. labyrinthea Casey, 1894 (=B. intermedia Brendel, 1866), B. loripes Casey, 1894 and B. jacobina Casey, 1908 (=B. foveata LeConte, 1851), B. arizonae Casey, 1887 (=B. texana Casey, 1886), and...

Dichelia constanti Rebel, 1894 is transferred to the genus Lopharcha Diakonoff, 1941 resulting in combination (Rebel, 1894) comb. n. africana Aarvik, sp. described from Tanzania. Kanaria Larsen, 2020 synonymized with 1941, syn. These are first records of Afrotropical region and western part Palaearctic region.