The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of 6 simple carbonate salts which function as absorbents, bulking agents, opacifying agents, pH adjusters, buffering agents, abrasives, and oral care agents in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed relevant data relating to the safety of these ingredients, and concluded that the simple carbonate salts are safe in the ...

Diamonds not only are beautiful and valuable as jewelry, they also have a number of unique characteristics that make them valuable in a range of commercial applications, including optics, acoustics, medicine, electronics, tooling and hard coatings, abrasives, and ceramics. Economic and technical constraints, however, limit their use. A low-cost method of depositing diamond film would open the w...

Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting is a manufacturing technique, which uses high-speed as the transport medium for abrasive particles to erode and cut through metal workpieces. The use of abrasives has significant environmental impacts leads high operating costs AWJ cutting. Therefore, it important investigate whether other approaches can perform same tasks with reduced economic impacts. One such ...

Chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) ZnS is an example of a polycrystalline material that is difficult to polish smoothly via the magnetorheological finishing (MRF) technique. When MRF-polished, the internal infrastructure of the material tends to manifest on the surface as millimeter-sized "pebbles," and the surface roughness observed is considerably high. The fluid's parameters important to develop...

Abrasive water jet machine (AWJM) is a mechanical base non-conventional machining process. This is process of removal of materials by impact erosion of high pressure (1500-4000 bar), high velocity of water and entrained high velocity of grit abrasives on a work piece. Experimental investigations were conducted to assess the influence of abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) process parameters on ...

Tooth whitening has become increasingly popular; according to the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry, Americans spend 1.4 billion dollars per year on tooth whitening. There are several approaches including use abrasives for mechanical removal material, colorants, and oxidation chromophores that make stains [1,2].

One of the newly developed methods for obtaining super finished surfaces for freeform is Magnetorheological finishing (MRF). MRF is an advanced finishing process in which the grinding force is controlled by magnetic field. The material removal in MRF is governed by the magnetorheological fluid which mainly consists of carbonyl iron (CI), abrasives particles, carrier fluids and additives. MRF pr...