UNTIL RECENTLY, retirement from the workforce R&S regarded as a change that took place at a pred&ermmed age, fixed by law or regululatlon There usually nas no choxe ns to the age of retxement, and early nlthdrawal from the markforce usually meant n sharp redo&on m Income or even, m extreme cases, a total loss of penslo* benefits In recent years, however, many mdustrud countrms hnve mcorporated ...

As with other heavier drinking groups, heavier drinking American college students may self-select into study abroad programs with specific intentions to use alcohol in the foreign environment. This cross-sectional study used a sample of 2144 students (mean age=20.00, SD=1.47) to explore differences in alcohol use and related negative consequences among (1) students intending to study abroad whi...

Introduction: The State of Kuwait spends large sums of governmental funds on sending patients abroad to receive medical treatment. This study aimed to explain the rationale behind receiving primary medical care overseas, given the expense and inconvenience, from the perspective of Kuwaiti patients whose applications were approved. Methods: The survey was ...

The present German soc~J secul.lty pension system, maugurated m 1957, mcorporetes rm mdexmg-of-earnmgs process that has generated nxcreasmg mtewt m recent years Because of this mterest m the details of the warlugs of the process, It IS described here When the German vorker retxes, lus hfetune earnmgs record (average annual wage) 1s established and then calculated as a percentage of R standard n...

Recent dmusslons regsrdmg the sue of the socml security trust fund m the Umted States have trlggered a number of mqmr~es with respect to fundmg practices m other Western countrles The general behef 1s that the practice of accumulatmg large funds to safeguard or stabdue the social security system 1s qmte common In fact, however, fern countries follow this practxe The programs with sizable reserv...

Objective: To evaluate a conceptual framework portraying the factors underlying the intentions of medical students to train abroad. Methods: Eligible subjects were students in the pre-final and final years of medical studies in Lebanon. A survey questionnaire based on the conceptual framework inquired about demographic and educational characteristics, influencing factors, and intentions to trai...

Study abroad programs have the potential to promote cultural, experiential, and personal development for escalating numbers of American college students each year. Despite reports that study abroad students may be at particular risk for increased and problematic alcohol use, there is limited empirical documentation of this risk. Thus, the present study used a longitudinal design to examine the ...

Comparative Study of the Way in Which Teachers are Assigned to Schools Abroad R. Kachoueian Javaadi, Ph.D.* B. Shaahtaalebi, Ph.D.** M.A. Naadi, Ph.D.***   To find ways of improving the way in which Iranian teachers are assigned to schools abroad, a comparative study was conducted in order to look at way this task is done in the U.S., France, Germany, Canada, England, Russia, Aust...