We shortly discuss several astrophysical scenarios leading to cosmic ray acceleration up to extremely high energies reaching the scale of 10 eV. The processes suggested in the literature include acceleration at relativistic jet terminal shocks and shear boundary layers, shocks in large scale accretion flows onto supergalactic cosmic structures, particle reflections from ultra-relativistic shock...

We present a theory for the generation of mesoscale (k rgT1, where rg is the cosmic-ray gyroradius) magnetic fields during diffusive shock acceleration. The decay or modulational instability of resonantly excited Alfvén waves scattering off ambient density perturbations in the shock environment naturally generates larger scale fields. For a broad spectrum of perturbations, the physical mechanis...

Recent advances in understanding of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence call for revisions in the picture of particle acceleration. We make use of the recently established scaling of slow and fast MHD modes in strong and weak MHD turbulence to provide a systematic study of particle acceleration in magnetic pressure (low-β) and gaseous pressure (high-β) dominated plasmas. We consider the accele...

As a key element in the semiconductor industry, efficient and stable transfer of the wafer set the very high request to the wafer transfer manipulator.At present,wafer transfer robot(SCARA-type,R-θ type) widely used in IC manufacturing equipment can only realize translational transmission to wafer,can not realize the posture change.So wafer transfer acceleration can only rely on its own gravity...

Many mobile robot path planning algorithms, produce changing intermediate goal coordinates f o r a mobile robot t o pursue. These provide motoring speed/torque signals, based upon local sensor information and the position of the global target, with little regard for the vehicle dynamics. In this article mobile robot path planning parameters are related t o the application of correct, general co...

This paper proposes a time optimal path planning while considering the physical constraints of wheeled mobile robots along a high curvature Bezier curve. The proposed algorithm overcomes drawbacks of preceding results. A trajectory produced through acceleration limits showed long traveling time, non-uniform sampling time and unsatisfied terminal velocity. A convolution-based method to consider ...

The high-gain linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controllers, designed for 32-GHz (Ka-band) monopulse tracking, have small tracking errors and are resistant to wind disturbances. However, during antenna slewing, they induce limit cycling caused by the violation of the antenna rate and acceleration limits. This problem can be avoided by the introduction of a command that does not exceed the limits....