The Papal States represent a unique and long period in Italian government the of Roman Catholic Church prior to Italy's unification 1870. 25-year was particularly tumultuous when struggled for survival, faced military popular challenges became increasingly indebted. Accounting could become an important tool assist decision-making enhance States' sustainability, as shown by governance reforms pr...

Greece is undertaking important reforms with the aim of making the budget a more modern strategic policy document. This article examines Greece’s recent economic and fiscal performance and the developments that led to the launch of the programme budgeting pilot in 2008. The article discusses the budget formulation process, the role of Parliament, and various aspects of budget implementation and...

The Australian public sector has recently faced a sweep of reforms. Initiatives such as National Competition Policy (NCP), economic rationalism, accrual accounting, financial management initiatives and value-based management are some of the many reforms that Australia has adopted. This renewed focus has inspired reforms in the actual operations of the public hospitals. This paper aims to invest...

BACKGROUND Accounting-that is, standardized measurement, public reporting, performance evaluation and managerial control-is commonly seen to provide the core infrastructure for quality improvement in healthcare. Yet, accounting successfully for quality has been a problematic endeavor, often producing dysfunctional effects. This has raised questions about the appropriate role for accounting in a...

Reform of budgetary institutions1 is a continuous and never-ending process. Interest in such reforms can be traced back for at least 2000 years. For example, Roman planners of the Claudian aqueducts considered eventual O&M costs in selecting alternative routes and designs. In more modern times, there is evidence of a stream of reforms from the “tally sticks” used to record the budget in sevente...

Recent reforms in the Turkish electricity sector since 2001 aim to introduce a tariff system that reflects costs. This is expected to affect the production and consumer prices of electricity. The changes in electricity prices are then reflected in production costs in other segments of the economy. Subsequently, producer and consumer prices will be affected. The potential impact of the changes i...

Financial markets have been developed rapidly in recent years. New and sophisticated financial tools have been the cause of these developments which need new controlling systems to prevent crisis. Most of industrial economies have reformed regulatory structure of their financial systems. This paper reviews the regulatory developments of UK in this regard and offers new regulations and ...

The public sector has undergone a series of reforms, reforms that have had a great influence on the development of public accounting and reporting system. We consider that the most important issue that has resulted from these reforms refers to the introduction of consolidated financial reporting in the public sector. The public sector consolidated financial statements represent a challenging to...