Bacterial cellulose (BC) has a basic cellulose structure that gives high purity, high crystalline ability, high mechanical strength, and high water holding capacity. During the last few decades, BC has gained as an important biomaterial because of these unique physical and chemical characteristics. BC is synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum extracellularly in a suitable substrate media. Researche...

Preface All of us who have worked on this curriculum are career emergency physicians (EPs) who have become leaders with a focus on emergency medicine (EM) quality and safety. About 2 years ago, I approached my colleagues of the American College of Emergency Physicians Quality Improvement and Patient Safety (ACEP QIPS) Section and dreamed an idea of creating an EM quality and safety curriculum: ...

Benziman, Moshe (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel), and N. Heller. Oxaloacetate decarboxylation and oxaloacetate-carbon dioxide exchange in Acetobacter xylinum. J. Bacteriol. 88:1678-1687. 1964.-Extracts of Acetobacter xylinum, prepared by sonic treatment, were shown to catalyze the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate (OAA) to pyruvate and CO(2), and the exchange of C(14)-carbo...

In vivo cellulose ribbon assembly by the Gram-negative bacterium Acetobacter xylinum can be altered by incubation in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a negatively charged water-soluble cellulose derivative, and also by incubation in a variety of neutral, water-soluble cellulose derivatives. In the presence of all of these substituted celluloses, normal fasciation of microfibril bundles to form the...

The cu-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of Acetobacterxylinum was purified to homogeneity. It consists of three main polypeptide chains with a total molecular weight of about 2.4 x 106. It catalyzes the overall Mg*+ and thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent, NAD+and CoA-linked oxidative decarboxylation of cY-ketoglutarate, as well as the partial reactions characteristic of the three enzyme compone...

In vivo synthesis of cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum was monitored by darkfield light microscopy. Cellulose is synthesized in the form of a ribbon projecting from the pole of the bacterial rod. The ribbon elongates at a rate of 2 mum min-1. The ribbon consists of approximately 46 microfibrils which average 1.6 X 5.8 nm in cross section. The observed microfibrillar elongation rate corresponds t...