This article reviewed the influence of pre-Islamic religions such as Mithraism and Zoroastrianism on decorative elements ancient Persian rugs. The then evaluated effect Islamic religion was examined through extant evidence from pre–Islamic empire artefacts publications in carpet history, iconography religious studies. Using spiritual motifs some rugs results important position Iranians’ lives. ...

in the iranians’ system of thought, the habitable cities had such great importance that their constructions were attributed to the kings especially the sasanians in the historical and geographical works and also in ferdowsi’s shāh-nāme. in the first part, this essay seeks to gather and classify various examples and analyze the construction model of cities and their specifications in ancient ira...

although many archaeological evidences have not been found from the achaemenian period, the domain of findings of this period have increased day by bay. one of these evidences includes treasures and cultural findings which have been identified in thrace, situated in the balkan peninsula. this region was of great importance for the achaemenid empire because of its rich underground resources and ...

seals and clay sealings are the most important cultural material of sasanian period. there have been a few seals and bullas of various periods retained in the moghadam museum of tehran. these materials have not been introduced so far. authors of the present paper aim at to study and introduce the sasanian seals and bullas of this museum especially those bearing animal symbolic motifs. we do thi...

undoubtedly achamenids, as the greatest empire of ancient periods that tried to preserve its internal security and defend its frontiers, needed the help of their appointed governors who were usually elected from among achaemenid families. besoos, who was one of achaemenids, was appointed as a governor on east (bacteria). besoos dismissed and killed darius iii and claimed himself as the emperor ...

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview the geopolitical status Upper Tigris area in antiquity, with a special focus on period between ca. 401 BCE and 6th century CE. Despite popular impression that had distinctly Armenian character, closer look at its history shows it was rather territory many local entities neighboring countries periodically fought possess. This strategically signific...

the decentralized structure of the arsacid empire brought both positive and negative consequences to the country. despite all confusions, this particular political trend helped ancient and local traditions to grow and flourish. at this time pars although has been isolated but played an important role to guard and respect the basic ideologies of the past achaemenids. persis kings’ coins minted f...