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The rate at which displacement and recovery of the acid-base equilibrium of the blood occur in young adult males subjected to short periods of maximal exertion has been determined. Displacement of acid-base equilibrium produced by severe exercise is along the fixed acid path, similar to the path of displacement produced by ingestion of acidifying agents such as ammonium chloride. Maximum displa...

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and the base excess have been used traditionally to describe the acid-base balance of the blood. In 1981, Stewart proposed a new model of acid-base balance based upon three variables, the "strong ion difference" (SID), the total weak acids (ATot), and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2). Over 20 years later, Stewart's physiochemical model still remai...

and the associated extra output of CO2 through the lungs acts as one of the principal buffering mechanisms of the body. However observations upon the relation of the magnitude of changes in lactate and CO2 capacity have been contradictory. Mellanby and Thomas (1920) and Evans (1922), by addition of lactic acid to drawn blood, found that the decline in CO2 content was less than the increase in b...

In 1912 Hasselbalch, with Lundsgaard and Gammeltoft (6, 7), described a lowering of the alveolar carbon dioxide and of the carbon dioxide-combining power of the blood in the later months of normal pregnancy. These changes have been abundantly confirmed by others and found to appear early in the course of pregnancy. These findings together with an increased ammonia to total nitrogen ratio in the...

In a study of a group of hospitalized patients in whom there was no reason to suspect a disturbed acid-base balance, it was found that a few patients had low blood pH values. The only factor in common to these patients with the low pH values was that all had essential hypertension. It has been demonstrated in human subjects that experimental hypertension can be produced with desoxycorticosteron...

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONSIDERATIONS Definitions: Van Slyke72 has defined acidosis as a condition in which the bicarbonate of the blood or serum, or, more exactly, the base available for combination with bicarbonate, is diminished. Alkalosis is a condition in which there is in the blood or serum an abnormal excess of bicarbonate, or base available for combination with bicarbonate. These de...

The most outstanding chemical findings, so far reported, in patients suffering from eclampsia are the decreased COz-combining power and the increased uric and lactic acids in the blood. The COz-combining power is often in the neighborhood of 20 volumes per cent, and it is not unusual to observe uric acid values above 10 mg. and lactic acid above 100 mg. per 100 cc. of blood (l-3). The hydrogen ...

this study was carried out on 1330 infants, from one to 24 months old, suffering from diarrhoea and moderate to severe dehydration who were hospitalized in bahrami childrens' hospital over a period of eleven months. fifteen percent of them had signs of shock and 36% had marasmus. nine percent of treated children required readmission to hospital within 24 hours of discharge and 8% were hospitali...

In this article, we try to summarize the most important novel biological information on the complex interrelationships between acid-base alterations and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling. Extracellular and intracellular acid-base alterations affect HIF signaling in part independently of hypoxia, and involve, among others, effects on cytoprotection and apoptosis. Conversely, HIF signaling...