Using vector acoustic sensors for marine geoacoustic surveys instead of the usual scalar hydrophones enables one to acquire three-dimensional (3D) survey data with instrumentation and logistics similar to current 2D surveys. Vector acoustic sensors measure the sound wave direction directly without the cumbersome arrays that hydrophones require. This concept was tested by a scaled experiment in ...

Scientific objective of this research is to understand acoustic wave propagation in a dynamic environment in two different frequency bands: (a) Low frequency band (50 Hz to 500 Hz). The subject of interest in this band is to assess the effect of environment anisotropy on acoustic wave propagation, with an emphasis on the separation of different effects due to horizontal refraction and mode coup...