A patient with brain stem reflex myoclonus due to a massive midbrain infarct was studied electrophysiologically. Myoclonic jerks were elicited at variable latencies by tapping anywhere on the body or by acoustic stimuli, and mainly involved flexor muscles of upper extremities. The existence of convergence of somatosensory and acoustic inputs in the brain stem was suggested. This myoclonus seeme...

CONCLUSION High frequency immittance measurements demonstrate promise in clarifying middle ear status for neonates but age- and gender-specific norms should be consulted. OBJECTIVE To describe high frequency immittance measurements using a 1000 Hz probe tone for a sample of 278 neonatal ears (0-4 weeks of age) in order to compile normative tympanometric and acoustic reflex criteria. SUBJECT...

Acoustic Reflex Latency (ARL) is the time interval between onset of an intense auditory stimulus and onset of middle-ear muscle contraction. Unlike pure tone audiogram, the usual procedure to detect middle ear disorders and conductive hearing loss, ARL can differentiate between cochlear and retrocochlear pathologies, yields information about the nature of the conductive disorder, can detect mil...

This study aimed to determine the parameters necessary for a study of stapedial reflexes in leprosy patients to ascertain if the facial nerve is involved more proximally than the stylomastoid foramen. It involved leprosy patients with and without facial nerve involvement and non-leprosy controls. Clinical examination of the patients' ears, a tympanogram and audiogram to exclude conductive and s...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The sensitivity of prediction of acoustic reflex, in determining the level of hearing loss, is especially useful in paediatric populations. It is based on the difference between the pure tone stapedius reflex threshold and contralateral white noise. The white noise threshold was 60 dB and that of pure tone was 80 dB. Our objective was to determine the diagnostic sens...

RATIONALE It has been shown previously that the amplitude of the pupillary light reflex response decreases when subjects anticipate an aversive stimulus (i.e. electric shock), compared to periods when subjects are resting ('fear-inhibited light reflex'). OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of the anticipation of an electric shock (putative aversive event) and of an acoustic stimulus (putative ne...

This study examined the measurement of the contralateral acoustic stapedius reflex in six-week-old infants and adults using wideband shifts in admittance and energy reflectance (YR). The reflex activator was bandpass noise from 2,500 to 11,000 Hz presented at a maximum spectrum level of 51 dB SPL measured in the ear canal. Reflexes were detected by calculating a cross-correlation between one-tw...

To study the Lombard reflex, more realistic databases representing real world conditions need to be recorded and analyzed. In this paper we 1) propose a procedure to record Lombard data which provides a good approximation of realistic conditions and 2) present a comparison between two sets of experiments where subjects are in communication with a device while listening to noise through open-ear...