DNA sequences that determine transcriptional regulation of a typical eukaryotic gene consist of a core promoter, which serves as a binding site for the GTF TFIID, and regulatory promoter or enhancer sequences, which bind transcriptional activators. The RNA polymerase II transcription machinery consists of over 50 proteins which are thought to bind to the core promoter in as few as two steps: bi...

Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) activate transcription by binding to specific enhancer elements associated with target genes. Transcriptional activation is accomplished with the help of complexes of co-activator proteins that bind to NRs. p160 co-activators, a family of three related 160 kDa proteins, serve as primary co-activators by binding directly to NRs and recruiting additional secondary ...

This article assesses the state-of-the-art for research on one-part alkali-activated materials, with particular emphasis recent work dealing constituent preparation methods, fresh properties, mechanical and durability characteristics. The review, which covers over 170 studies, first discusses different precursors, solid activators, admixtures, aggregates used within such materials. Preparation ...

This study compares the environmental impacts of blast furnace slag-, fly ash-, and metakaolin-based alkali-activated concretes with Portland cement (PC) using life cycle assessment methodology. The variability in production processes mix constituents across Europe uncertainty associated transportation distances are evaluated for both types concrete. recent data on soluble sodium silicates was ...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Recently, PPAR activators have been shown to inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages or vascular smooth muscle cells. It has been reported that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression is elevated in the failing heart and that TNF-alph...

Transcriptional activators play a central role in gene regulation by stimulating the assembly of the transcriptional machinery at a promoter in a signal-responsive manner. Because of the significant role that misregulated or malfunctioning transcriptional activators play in human disease, there has been a strong effort towards the identification of molecules that inhibit the ability of an activ...

Large-scale chromatin decondensation has been observed after the targeting of certain acidic activators to heterochromatic chromatin domains. Acidic activators are often modular, with two or more separable transcriptional activation domains. Whether these smaller regions are sufficient for all functions of the activators has not been demonstrated. We adapted an inducible heterodimerization syst...

The rate of the ATP:glucose transphosphorylase reaction catalyzed by yeast hexokinase, isozyme PII, is inhibited by lowering the pH of the reaction below 7.0, especially at suboptimal concentrations of ATP. This effect of acidity is largely overcome by activators such as orthophosphate, citrate, malate, 3-phosphoglycerate, and riboside triphosphates. Thus, in the acid range, ATP appears to serv...