Introduction: The magnocellular neurons (MCNs) of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) play a crucial role in control of physiological and pathophysiologiccal condition due to two peptides that they synthesize, i.e. Oxytocin (OXT) and Vasopressin (AVP). The activity of MCNs is regulated by a variety of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Opioid receptors are one of the important receptors in SON synap...

introduction: the magnocellular neurons (mcns) of the supraoptic nucleus (son) play a crucial role in control of physiological and pathophysiologiccal condition due to two peptides that they synthesize, i.e. oxytocin (oxt) and vasopressin (avp). the activity of mcns is regulated by a variety of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. opioid receptors are one of the important receptors in son synapses...

in this study, the effects of acute and chronic lithium on nociception induced by formalin and its interactions with morphine-induced analgesia were studied in mice. formalin test was selected to study nociception. subcutaneous injection of different doses of morphine (1.5, 3 and 6 mg/kg) induced analgesia in a dose dependent manner in both phases of the formalin test. intraperitoneal administr...

in this study, the hepatoprotective effect of the methanol extract of aerial parts (shoot) from otostegia persica boiss (golder) was investigated against the carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in male rats. liver damage was induced through the oral administration of 50% ccl4 in liquid paraffin (2.5 ml/kg bw, per os) 60 min after the administration of the methanol extract o...

introduction: some studies indicate changes in the level of thyroid hormones in addicted people. also, there are some reports concerning the modulation of hypothalamus-hypophysis-thyroid axis in the context of morphine addiction. in the present study, the effects of thyroid gland activation via the acute and chronic administration of levothyroxine on morphine withdrawal syndrome were investigat...

Background: The endocannabinoid system interacts with the vanilloid and opioid systems. The current study aims to investigate the effects of the extract obtained from the heated Cannabis Sativa female flower base either with capsaicin at the spinal cord level or naloxone at the systemic level on the intensity of chemical and thermal pain sensation. Methods: This experimental study was performe...

clinical studies suggest that essential oil of eugenia caryophyllata (clove) buds (eoec) is efficacious in the treatment of dental pain. in the present study, we investigated the analgesic and local anesthetic effects of eoec and its possible mechanisms of action in acute corneal pain in rats. eoec was extracted by hydro-distillation in a clevenger type apparatus from clove buds. the acute corn...

Objective: Pinus eldarica (P. eldarica) is one of the most common pines in Iran which has various bioactive constituents and different uses in traditional medicine. Since there is no documented evidence for P. eldarica safety, the acute and sub-acute oral toxicities of hydroalcoholic extract of P. eldarica bark were investigated in male and female Wistar rats in this study. Materials and Method...

In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of the methanol extract of aerial parts (shoot) from Otostegia persica Boiss (Golder) was investigated against the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in male rats. Liver damage was induced through the oral administration of 50% CCl4 in liquid paraffin (2.5 mL/Kg bw, per os) 60 min after the administration of the methanol extract o...

Acute pulmonary edema affects 0.08% to 1.5% of women during pregnancy and during the postpartum period, and preeclampsia/eclampsia is a major obstetric cause of acute pulmonary edema. We present a case of a 23-year-old nulliparous woman who was referred to our tertiary medical center for preterm labor and dyspnea. The patient complained of having suddenly developed respiratory distress and a de...