Although neonatal jaundice is common, acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus (i.e., chronic bilirubin encephalopathy) are rare. Universal screening for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is controversial. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends universal screening with bilirubin levels or targeted screening based on risk factors. However, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the A...

We describe the MR appearance of kernicterus (bilirubin encephalopathy). T2-weighted images show high signal bilaterally in the globus pallidus, a known area of cerebral deposition of bilirubin.

Introduction There is a growing concern about an increasing bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction (BIND) in healthy term neonates with no evidence of hemolytic disease or other risk factors. This study was done to determine the incidence of BIND in otherwise healthy, breast-fed newborn term infants without hemolysis who underwent exchange transfusion. Materials and Methods This study was c...

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. List the risk factors for severe hyperbilirubinemia. 2. Distinguish between physiologic jaundice and pathologic jaundice of the newborn. 3. Recognize the clinical manifestations of acute bilirubin encephalopathy and the permanent clinical sequelae of kernicterus.4. Describe the evaluation of hyperbilirubinemia from birth through 3 mon...

BACKGROUND Kernicterus still occurs around the world; however, the mechanism of bilirubin neurotoxicity remains unclear, and effective treatment strategies are lacking. To solve these problems, several kernicterus (or acute bilirubin encephalopathy) animal models have been established, but these models are difficult and expensive. Therefore, the present study was performed to establish a novel ...

a. acute liver failure [III]; b. decompensated liver disease with ascites, encephalopathy (having excluded HIV-related dementia) or problematic varices and poor synthetic function, e.g. albumin o30 g/l, INR 41.5 and elevated serum bilirubin e.g. 450 mmol/L [III]; c. hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detected during regular tumour surveillance (recommended at least 6 monthly in all patients with ci...

The efficacy of methylprednisolone (1 g daily for three days), which is effective in reversing transplant rejection, was assessed in a randomised controlled trial of 55 patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis, 34 of whom had encephalopathy. The clinical progress, frequency of bleeding and sepsis, and cause of death were similar in the treatment (27 patients) and control groups (28 patien...

Reserve albumin binding capacity, salicylate saturation index, and red cell binding of bili-rubin in neonatal jaundice. 105 blood samples from 72 infants, mostly with jaundice due to haemolytic disease, were analysed for reserve albumin binding capacity (HBABA method), salicylate saturation index (SI), and red cell binding of bilirubin. 2 infants with clinical symptoms of bilirubin encephalopat...