It is well known that stress is a significant risk factor for the development of drug addiction and addiction relapse. Remarkably, the cognitive processes involved in the effects of stress on addictive behavior remain poorly understood. Here it is proposed that stress-induced changes in the neural circuits controlling instrumental action provide a potential mechanism by which stress affects the...

Most adults have used a potentially addictive drug at least once in their lifetime, if caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine are included in addition to illicit drugs. In some cases, contact with a substance is so frequent and socially accepted that many in society fail to recognize it as a “drug.” However, relatively few people develop sufficient problems with drug use to meet the formal criteria fo...

BACKGROUND Emotional conditions governing the family and patients' perceived social support play important roles in the treatment or relapse process of the chronic disease. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to investigate the role of family expressed emotion and perceived social support in prediction of addiction relapse. PATIENTS AND METHODS The descriptive-correlation method was used in ...

It has been noted that many drug addicts relapse to drug use after discharged from successful treatment and rehabilitation programs. Thus it is imperative and timely to address the issues that prompt relapsed addiction. 400 drug addicts on relapse cases were selected from eight drug rehabilitation centres throughout Peninsular Malaysia to examine factors influences the relapsed addiction to dru...