Structural realism has been proposed as an epistemological position interpolating between realism and sceptical anti-realism about scientific theories. The structural realist who accepts a scientific theory Θ thinks that Θ is empirically correct, and furthermore is a realist about the ‘structural content’ of Θ. But what exactly is ‘structural content’? One proposal is that the ‘structural conte...

Adequacy of medical care is one of the many ideals that are said to represent our better selves. We are striving for its realization, knowing that to it there is no ready way. As in every field of human endeavor, the abstract objective, visualized by the leaders in thought, needs interpretation and clarification in the light of the needs and potentialities of our time, if real progress is to be...

Human resources in health care system in sub-Saharan Africa are generally picturing a lack of adequacy between expected skills from the professionals and health care needs expressed by the populations. It is, however, possible to analyse these various lacks of adequacy related to human resource management and their determinants to enhance the effectiveness of the health care system. From two pr...

In this research, STNEP is being studied considering network adequacy and limitation of investment cost by decimal codification genetic algorithm (DCGA). The goal is obtaining the maximum of network adequacy with lowest expansion cost for a specific investment. Finally, the proposed idea is applied to the Garvers 6-bus network. The results show that considering the network adequacy for solution...

BACKGROUND Surgeon performed ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates (UG-FNAs) reduce delay in diagnosis and allow for surgeon surveillance. We present the first report on a learning curve and impact of head and neck surgical trainees on adequacy rates. METHODS Thyroid UG-FNA biopsies from 2009 to 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Specimen adequacy, cytologic diagnosis, and surgical patholo...

BACKGROUND There are many factors that can affect dialysis adequacy; such as the type of vascular access, filter type, device used, and the dose, and rout of erythropoietin stimulation agents (ESA) used. The aim of this study was investigating factors affecting Hemodialysis adequacy in cohort of Iranian patient with end stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study condu...

background and objectives: hemodialysis (hd) is one of the therapeutic modalities patients. since inadequate dialysis increases mortality and morbidity of patients, therefore, assessment of dialysis adequacy is clinically important. for this reason, hemodialysis adequacy was determined in patients undergoing maintenance hd at the mostafa khomeini hospital, tehran, iran. materials and methods: t...