Synthetic and botanical insecticides can have a profound effect on the developmental period, growth, adult emergence, fecundity, fertility, and egg hatch, resulting in effective control at sub-lethal concentrations. This paper investigated sub-lethal concentrations of fenitrothion, lambda-cyhalothrin, and Callitris glaucophylla Joy Thomps. & L.P. Johnson (Cupressaceae) extract to characterize t...

Forced infestation studies were conducted to determine whether northern or southern highbush blueberries, Vaccinium corymbosum L., are hosts for the invasive tephritid fruit flies in Hawaii. Fruit were exposed to gravid female flies of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (oriental fruit fly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Mediterranean fruit fly), or Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet (melon fly) in scre...

Forced infestation studieswere conducted to determinewhether northern or southern highbush blueberries, Vaccinium corymbosum L., are hosts for the invasive tephritid fruit ßies in Hawaii. Fruit were exposed to gravid female ßies of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (oriental fruit ßy), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Mediterranean fruit ßy), or Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet (melon ßy) in screen cage...

A granular formulation of novaluron (Novaluron 0.2G, 0.2% [AI]), a newer benzoylphenyl urea insecticide, was evaluated for its efficacy in controlling the larval stage of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.); house flies, Musca domestica L.; and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), in cow manure. Various rates and insecticide placement locations (top, middle, and bottom of manure) were evalu...

A juvenoid insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen (Nylar or Sumilarv), in a 10% emulsifiable concentrate (10 EC) and a granular (3% sand granules) formulation was evaluated for efficacy against natural populations of chironomid midges in man-made ponds in central Florida. Both formulations at 0.05 kg AI/ha induced complete suppression of adult midge emergence for 1 wk. At 0.2 kg AI/ha, emergence...

Emergence phenology and fitness attributes of several Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), populations were measured under field and greenhouse conditions. Anecdotal observations by producers and pest managers in many locations of the upper Midwest increasingly suggested that select populations of Colorado potato beetle were emerging over a longer period in the spring and we...

Plant powders prepared from five plant species were tested under constant conditions at 30 ± 2°C and 60 65% r. h. for their ability to protect sorghum grains against Sitophilus zeamais in storage. Doses at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0g and 0.12g of the check (permethrin (0.6%) were applied for assessments of adult mortality, emergence and damage. Leaf powders of E. balsamifera, J. curcas and L. inermis gav...

Ecological immunity studies in invertebrates, particularly insects, have generated new insights into trade-offs between immune functions and other physiological parameters. These studies document physiologically directed reallocations of immune costs to other high-cost areas of physiology. Immunosenescence, recognized as the age-related deterioration of immune functions, is another mechanism of...