This paper uses school-level data available from the Schools and Staffing Survey and the California Department of Education to assess the extent to which African Americans versus non-Hispanic whites attend schools with children with Limited English Proficiency (LEP). When examined at the national level, LEP students do not “crowd” the schools attended by most African American and non-Hispanic w...

Effective outdoor educators need to understand the developmental characteristics of students to best tailor programs to capitalize upon their capabilities. To the extent that learning is a primary objective of outdoor education programs, understanding our students’ intellectual processes, specifically, can enhance our effectiveness in achieving this goal. This article presents several framework...