Wetland plants transport oxygen to belowground tissues survive in anoxic sediments, and simultaneously conduct methane (CH4) from the sediment atmosphere. Although plant-mediated is main CH4 emission pathway vegetated wetlands, contribution of areas total emissions wetlands remains uncertain. To accurately quantify these emissions, understanding physiological processes driving crucial. This rev...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pea (Pisum sativum) primary roots form long vascular cavities when grown under wet or flooded conditions at 25 degrees C. It is thought that the cavities are a form of aerenchyma. At 25 degrees C short roots continue to grow after flooding. After roots reach 10 cm long flooding causes rapid cessation of growth, and root tips often become curled. In longer roots the cavities ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Erythrina speciosa is a Neotropical tree that grows mainly in moist habitats. To characterize the physiological, morphological and growth responses to soil water saturation, young plants of E. speciosa were subjected experimentally to soil flooding. METHODS Flooding was imposed from 2 to 4 cm above the soil surface in water-filled tanks for 60 d. Non-flooded (control) plan...

The formation of aerenchyma in adventitious roots is one the most crucial adaptive traits for waterlogging tolerance plants. Pasture grasses, like other crops, can be affected by waterlogging, and there scope to improve through breeding. In this study, two summer-active cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars, Lazuly Porto, tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum Schreb., syn. Festuca arundinacea ...

Waterlogging is a widespread limiting factor for wheat production throughout the world specially irrigated and high rainfall environments. The important biological consequence of waterlogging is the deficiency (hypoxia) or complete absence (anoxia) of oxygen in soil environment which restricts the growth, development and finally yield in wheat. The tolerant genotypes of wheat can adapt to trans...

Exposing plants to hypoxic conditions greatly improves their anoxic stress tolerance by enhancing the activities of glycolysis and fermentation in roots. Ethylene may also be involved in these adaptive responses because its synthesis is increased in roots under hypoxic conditions. Here it is reported that pre-treatment of wheat seedlings with an ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic...

Aerenchyma formation in roots of maize ( Zea mays L.) involves programmed death of cortical cells that is promoted by exogenous ethylene (1 μ L L −1 ) or by endogenous ethylene produced in response to external oxygen shortage (3%, v/v). In this study, evidence that degeneration of the cell wall accompanies apoptotic-like changes previously observed in the cytoplasm and nucleus (Gunawardena et a...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) increases water and nutrient acquisition by reducing the metabolic costs of soil exploration. In this study the hypothesis was tested that living cortical area (LCA; transversal root cortical area minus aerenchyma area and intercellular air space) is a better predictor of root respiration, soil exploration and, therefore, drought tolerance than...

The tree species Parapiptadenia rigida, native to southern South America, is frequently used in reforestation of riverbanks in Brazil. This tree is also a source of gums, tannins and essential oils, and it has some medicinal uses. We investigated flooding tolerance and genetic diversity in two populations of P. rigida; one of them was naturally exposed to flooding. Plants derived from seeds col...