conclusions the evidence in the discussed topics was limited and controversial. this report is important because it exposes the current knowledge gap in head trauma studies in iran. evidence acquisition the guidelines were appraised using the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation (agree) instrument. all key recommendations were reviewed by 14 prominent iranian neurosurgeons; level...

Few studies have examined disparities in adverse birth outcomes and compared contributing socioeconomic factors specifically between African-American and White teen mothers. This study examined intersections between neighborhood socioeconomic status (as defined by census-tract median household income), maternal age, and racial disparities in preterm birth (PTB) outcomes between African-American...

OBJECTIVES Intrusive thoughts and images are common across the adult lifespan, but vary in their consequences. Understanding age-related experiences with intrusive thoughts is important for identifying risk and protective factors for intrusive thought problems across the adult lifespan. This study characterized age trajectories for six aspects of experiences with intrusive thoughts using Intern...

OBJECTIVE Parenting may be an important protective factor against teen driving risk; however, parents do not limit teen driving as much as might be expected. The Checkpoint Program was designed to promote parental management of teen driving through the use of staged persuasive communications. METHODS Parent-teen dyads (n = 452) were recruited when teens received learner's permits and intervie...

South African youth in low-income, urbanized communities are exposed to high levels of daily stressors, which increase their risk to negative outcomes. Resiliency can provide avenues for youth to transcend adversity and may contribute to their positive development. To provide a deeper understanding of the pathways that adolescents use to overcome adversity, this paper examined future aspiration...