The coagulation process interpreted as a second order reaction and it is assumed that the intensity of scattered light on the colloidal particles follows the Raileygh eq. At each collision of two aggregates the smaller aggregate loses a given number of primary particles while the bigger aggregate increases by the same number of primary particles. The »critical time« (terit) is determined by the...

Ballast, typically comprising large sized aggregate particles with uniform gradation, is an essential layer in the railroad track substructure. Functions of ballast include facilitating load distribution and drainage, maintaining track geometry and track stability, and providing track resilience and noise absorption. Throughout its service life, ballast goes through changes in gradation and par...

We suggest that the structure factor could be a source of uncertainty when the number concentration of non-absorbing aggregate particles is experimentally determined from Rayleigh–Debye–Gans (RDG) scattering theory. Different characteristics of various structure factors have been examined as a function of qRg. We present deviation of various structure factors from the exponential structure fact...

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles rapidly aggregate. One of the reasons is magnetic forces among the nanoparticles. Magnetic field around particles is caused by composition of the particles. Their core is formed from zero-valent iron, and shell is a layer of magnetite. The magnetic forces contribute to attractive forces among the nanoparticles and that leads to increasing of aggregation of the nan...

We have investigated the validity of the application of the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method to ferromagnetic colloidal dispersions by conducting DPD simulations for a two-dimensional system. Firstly, the interaction between dissipative and magnetic particles has been idealized as some model potentials, and DPD simulations have been carried out using such model potentials for a two ma...