The use of trait-based approaches to detect effects of land use and climate change on terrestrial plant and aquatic phytoplankton communities is increasing, but such a framework is still needed for benthic stream algae. Here we present a conceptual framework of morphological, physiological, behavioural and life-history traits relating to resource acquisition and resistance to disturbance. We te...

this study was conducted to evaluate traits that have an effect on yield, and genetic variation for these traits, including dry matter accumulation, remobilization, and traits associated with them, in 10 grain sorghum genotypes obtained from the national plant gene bank of iran under moisture stress conditions. field trials were carried out in the 2008 cropping season using split-plot arrangeme...

The impact of agricultural practices and soil management on the communities of arthropods living in the agricultural landscape is acknowledged as a critical issue by the literature, and it needs to be better investigated to improve the ecological sustainability of agriculture. In the present study, we aimed to study how soil management affect carabid species distribution in one of the most typi...

Improvement of livestock has focused on the selective breeding of individuals with superior phenotypes. With the development of increasingly advanced statistical methods that maximise selection for genetic gain, this simple approach has been extremely successful in increasing the quantity of agricultural output. However, information now available on the organisation and functioning of the genom...

The biology and ecology of plant pathogenic bacteria have been studied almost exclusively in agricultural contexts. In contrast, for numerous human pathogens their biological activity in niches outside of medical contexts is well-known. Whereas there is increasing evidence that traits fostering survival in 'environmental' niches can be the basis for virulence factors of human pathogens, niches ...

The analysis of complex genetic traits, including mapping and identification of causative genes, has long been an enigma of genetic biology, whether in the animal sciences or in medical sciences. Traits of agricultural interest and traits of medical interest are often under the influence of both environmental factors and multiple genes, each with modest contributions to the total variance in th...

The nature and extent of mutational pleiotropy remain largely unknown, despite the central role that pleiotropy plays in many areas of biology, including human disease, agricultural production, and evolution. Here, we investigate the variation in 11,604 gene expression traits among 41 mutation accumulation (MA) lines of Drosophila serrata. We first confirmed that these expression phenotypes wer...

the state agricultural extension system (saes) due to serious limitations of finance, equipment and staff could not meet all the expectation of the farmers. use of unemployed young graduates' services as consultant, farm manager or farm supervisor has been considered as a solution to the problem and as an alternative, in recent years. this research was aimed at an evaluation of the extensi...