Gene flow in agricultural crops is important for risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops, particularly in countries with a large informal agricultural sector of subsistence cultivation. We present a pollen flow model for maize (Zea mays), a major staple crop in Africa. We use spatial properties of fields (size, position) in three small-scale maize farming communities in Zambia and es...

this study examines iranian agricultural researchers’ attitudes regarding collaboration with extension workers and the variables associated with the researchers’ attitudes. data were obtained using a questionnaire developed by agricultural research centers of charmahal and bakhtiari, isfahan, safiabad and khuzestan in 1998. the findings re-vealed that the researchers’ attitudes towards collabor...

Abiotically stressful environment in changing climate is predicted to impact negatively the diversity and abundance of insect-pests; and ultimately the extent of damage caused in economically important agricultural crops. This may affect perilously the agricultural production and the livelihood of farmers especially in tropical and subtropical countries where larger proportion of work force is ...

Host-plant resistance is an efficient, economical and environmentally benign approach used to manage many pests and diseases of agricultural crops. After nearly a century of research, the resources and tools have become more refined, but the basic tasks in breeding for resistance have not changed. Resistance must be identified, incorporated into elite germplasm, and deployed in a form useful to...

Introduction Agricultural development is critical to the reconstruction of Afghanistan. Central to rebuilding the agriculture sector is the need for an effective agriculture research and extension system. Throughout the world, and in Afghanistan, agriculture research and extension is in transition – influenced by trends toward reduced government intervention in the economy, growth of the privat...

the benefits of information and communication technologies (icts) for agricultural extension purposes and activities are obvious. the main objective of this article is to identify encouraging and discouraging factors in application of icts in agricultural extension in isfahan province of iran. this study investigated areas of icts application by extension workers (ews), too. the research design...