In our 2001 article in the Journal of Political Economy, we show that any non-welfarist method of policy assessment violates the Pareto principle. In their Comment, Fleurbaey, Tungodden, and Chang question whether our result is fully general without imposing what they regard to be strong assumptions (transitivity and independence). However, as we explain in this Reply, their argument is irrelev...

Biodiversity conservation becoming increasingly urgent. It is important to find mechanisms of competitive coexistence of species with different fitness in especially difficult circumstances on one limiting resource, in isolated stable uniform habitat, without any trade-offs and cooperative interactions. Here we show a mechanism of competitive coexistence based on a soliton-like behaviour of pop...

Mystics use a special kind of language to convey their thoughts, circumstances (haal) and experiences. This is exclusive for mystics has its own distinctive words expressions. While there are numerous categorizations, mystic divided into the two broad types literal symbolic language. The employed delineate thoughts concepts surrounding mysticism, while unfolding genuine experiences mystics. In ...

The paradox of biological diversity is the key problem of theoretical ecology. The paradox consists in the contradiction between the competitive exclusion principle and the observed biodiversity. The principle is important as the basis for ecological theory. On a relatively simple model we show a mechanism of indefinite coexistence of complete competitors which violates the known formulations o...