Momentum and energy integral analysis of planar and axisymmetric laminar, buoyant diffusion flames is presented with the objective of describing the flame properties and ambient air entrainment. The analysis follows the traditional momentum/energy integral technique utilizing the Howarth–Dorodnitzyn transformation for variable density flows and description of the velocity profiles through the f...

Beside analytical approaches, physical modelling represents probably the oldest design tool in hydraulic engineering. For free surface flows, the similitude according to a Froude similarity allows for a correct representation of the dominant forces, namely gravity and inertia. In parallel, fluid constants such as the surface tension and the viscosity might be incorrectly reproduced, affecting t...

Sir,—The recent paper (Bennetts, 1977) describing the use of the Bird Mark 2 Ventilator and the jet injection technique for bronchoscopy states, ".. . there is dilution with air by as much as 50%". In his original paper describing the injection technique, Sanders (1967) demonstrated entrainment volumes in the region of 5 : 1 with adult bronchoscopes. Recent measurements in our laboratory using ...

Second Law analyses of ejector performance have rarely been conducted in literature. Many measures of ejector efficiency have not always been clearly defined and the rationale underlying and justifying current performance metrics is often unclear. One common means of assessing performance is to define a thermodynamically reversible reference process against which real processes may be benchmark...

Venous air embolism is a rare complication during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). We report a case of air embolism during TURP under general anesthesia in a 56-year-old man. Incorrect assembly of the resectoscope-drain aspiration system caused rapid entrainment of air into the vein of the prostate bed. Rapid recognition of the condition and prompt treatment are required.

Numerous stepped spillways were built to date, namely on RCC gravity dams or on valley flanks besides embankment or rockfill dams, while some others are currently under design or construction. In some cases, slope changes may be required on stepped chutes, due to the topography, leading to reduced excavation and related economic benefits. A quite limited number of stepped spillways have been bu...