*Correspondence: Shigekazu Kusumoto, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan e-mail: [email protected] Many rock fractures are entirely driven open by fluids such as ground water, geothermal water, gas, oil, and magma. These are a subset of extension fractures (mode I cracks; e.g., dikes, mineral veins ...

We report the experimental study of the degassing dynamics through a thin layer of shear-thinning viscoelastic fluid when a constant air flow is imposed at its bottom. The fluid is an aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium salicylate (NaSal). Over a large range of parameters, the air is periodically released through a series of successive bubbles, hereafter named c...

An explosion occurred at a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin manufacturing plant. The explosion originated at an atmospheric storage vessel when it received a slurry discharge from a suspension polymerization reactor. The pressure rise caused by the uncontrolled flashing of superheated liquid vinyl chloride resulted in the complete separation of the roof from the tank shell. A cloud of vinyl chlor...

A number of models have been proposed to calculate overpressure and impulse from accidental industrial explosions. When the blast is produced by ignition of a vapour cloud, the TNO Multi-Energy model is widely used. From the curves given by this model, data are fitted to obtain equations showing the relationship between overpressure, impulse and distance. These equations, referred herein as cha...

Geologic carbon storage is considered to be one of the main solutions to significantly reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere to mitigate climate change. CO2 injection in deep geological formations entails a twophase flow, being CO2 the non-wetting phase. One of the main concerns of geologic carbon storage is whether the overpressure induced by CO2 injection may compromise the caprock integrity...

Cavitation appears to contribute to tissue injury in lithotripsy. Reports have shown that increasing pulse repetition frequency [(PRF) 0.5-100 Hz] increases tissue damage and increasing static pressure (1-3 bar) reduces cell damage without decreasing stone comminution. Our hypothesis is that overpressure or slow PRF causes unstabilized bubbles produced by one shock pulse to dissolve before they...

Accidental explosions are a plausible danger to the chemical process industries. In event of gas explosion, any obstacles placed within path flame generate turbulence, which accelerates transient and raises explosion overpressure, posing safety hazard. This paper presents numerical studies using an in-house computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for lean premixed hydrogen/air propagations wit...

[1] Strombolian eruptions, common at basaltic volcanoes, are mildly explosive events that are driven by a large bubble of magmatic gas (a slug) rising up the conduit and bursting at the surface. Gas overpressure within the bursting slug governs explosion dynamics and vigor and is the main factor controlling associated acoustic and seismic signals. We present a theoretical investigation of slug ...