PURPOSE Squamous metaplasia is a pathologic process that frequently occurs in nonkeratinized stratified ocular surface epithelia. The mechanism for this occurrence is largely unknown except for vitamin A deficiency. METHODS Human limbal explants were cultured under airlift with or without p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580 or in a submerged manner for different dur...

Aerated, slow-release oxidants are a relatively new technology for treating contaminated aquifers. A critical need advancing this is developing reliable method predicting the radius of influence (ROI) around each drive point. In work, we report series laboratory flow tank experiments and numerical modeling efforts designed to predict release spreading permanganate from aerated oxidant candles (...

A gas-liquid-solid inverse  uidization airlift bioreactor was proposed by combining advantages of external-loop airlift reactors and inverse  uidized beds. This airlift bioreactor comprises a gas-liquid riser, a gas separator, a liquid-solid inverse  uidized downcomer and a bottom connector. The effects of the gas velocity and the particle loading on the gas holdup in the riser and the liqui...

There are several animal models illustrating dry eye pathophysiology. Current study would like to establish an ex vivo tissue culture model for characterizing dry eye. Human conjunctival explants were cultured under airlift or submerged conditions for up to 2 weeks, and only airlifted conjunctival cultures underwent increased epithelial stratification. Starting on day 4, the suprabasal cells di...

Optimization of submerged culture conditions for the production of mycelial growth and exopolysaccharides (EPSs) by Collybia maculata was investigated. The optimum temperature and the initial pH for EPS production in a shake-flask culture of C. maculata were found to be 20°C and 5.5, respectively. Among the various medium’s constituents examined, glucose, Martone A-1, K2HPO4, and CaCl2 were the...

The potential of two zygomycetes fungi, Mucor indicus and Rhizopus oryzae, in assimilating citrus waste free sugars (CWFS) and producing fungal chitosan, oil, and protein as well as ethanol was investigated. Extraction of free sugars from citrus waste can reduce its environmental impact by decreasing the possibility of wild microorganisms growth and formation of bad odors, a typical problem fac...

1 The present review roughly covers the publications that have appeared since Prof. K. Schügerl delivered a keynote address at the 4th GLS International Conference in 1997 (Schügerl, 1997). It includes publications that deal with gas/liquid systems without solids, but gives an extra weight to applications of airlift bioreactors to wastewater treatment and to algal growth. Three extensive review...

Batch and continuous production of the extracellular heme glycoprotein chloroperoxidase (CPO) was studied with an airlift fermentor. We induced Caldariomyces fumago CMI 89362 to form pellets by transferring a small inoculum volume in preculture prior to growth in a 1-liter fermentor. Continuous replacement of the fructose-salts medium (dilution rate, 0.008 h) supported continuous CPO formation ...