STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Individuals with cleft lip and cleft palate mostly have airway problems. Introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and imaging software has provided the opportunity for a more precisely evaluating 3D volume of the airway. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare 3D the pharyngeal airway volumes of cleft palate patients with normal indivi...

A method for quantitative measurement of air volume changes in upper airway is presented in this paper. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of a state-of-the-art Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) technique for quantitative measurement of volume in upper airway. Our application is defining and tracking minute volume changes (a few milliliters) of upper airways caused by sur...

INTRODUCTION In growing patients with skeletal discrepancies, early diagnosis, evidence-based explanations of etiology, and assessment of functional factors can be vital for the restoration of normal craniofacial growth and the stability of the treatment results. The aims of our study were to compare the 3-dimensional pharyngeal airway volumes in healthy children with a retrognathic mandible an...

The interpretation of experimental results from functional medical imaging is complicated by intersubject and interspecies differences in airway geometry. The application of computational models in understanding the significance of these differences requires methods for generation of subject-specific geometric models of the bronchial airway tree. In the current study, curvilinear airway centerl...

Current hypotheses describing the function of normal airway surface liquid (ASL) in lung defense are divergent. One theory predicts that normal airways regulate ASL volume by modulating the flow of isosmotic fluid across the epithelium, whereas an alternative theory predicts that ASL is normally hyposmotic. These hypotheses predict different values for the osmotic water permeability (P(f)) of a...

The interpretation of experimental results from functional medical imaging is complicated by inter-subject and inter-species differences in airway geometry. The application of computational models in understanding the significance of these differences requires methods for generation of subject-specific geometric models of the bronchial airway tree. In the current study curvilinear airway center...

Objective: The objectives of this retrospective study using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were to determine if there are differences in the volume of various upper airway segments and the most constricted area (MCA) of children with different dental and skeletal patterns. Methods: The initial CBCTs of 83 orthodontic patients (Angle’s Class I [n = 30]; Class II [n = 26]; and Class III [n ...

INTRODUCTION Changes in the normal pattern of nasal respiration can profoundly affect the development of the craniofacial skeleton in both humans and experimental animals. The orthodontist is often the first clinician to notice that a child is breathing primarily through the mouth, either at the initial examination or later during treatment. The lateral headfilm, part of the patient's normal re...

In vivo, breathing movements, including tidal and deep inspirations (DIs), exert a number of beneficial effects on respiratory system responsiveness in healthy humans that are diminished or lost in asthma, possibly as a result of reduced distension (strain) of airway smooth muscle (ASM). We used bronchial segments from pigs to assess airway responsiveness under static conditions and during simu...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of airway volume digital measurements of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) compared with the manual measurements of an airway model. An acrylic airway model was constructed and attached to a human dry skull in the natural position of the airway passage. The total and internal airway volumes, as well as the most con...