We show all-optical switching of an input infrared laser beam at 1310 nm by controlling the photoinduced retinal isomerization to tune the resonances in a silica microsphere coated with three bacteriorhodopsin BR protein monolayers. The all-optical tunable resonant coupler re-routes the infrared beam between two tapered fibers in 50 s using a low power 200 W green 532 nm and blue 405 nm pump be...

In recent years, Reversible logic has emerged as a major area of research due to its ability to reduce the power dissipation which is the main requirement in the low power digital circuit design. It has wide applications like low power CMOS design, Nano-technology, Digital signal processing, Communication, DNA computing and Optical computing. Floating-point operations are needed very frequently...

Quantum-dot cellular automaton (QCA) is a novel nanotechnology with a very different computational method in compared with CMOS, whereas placement of electrons in cells indicates digital information. This nanotechnology with specifications such as fast speed, high parallel processing, small area, low power consumption and higher switching frequency becomes a promising candidate for CMOS tec...

Single Electron transistor have high integration density, ultra-low power dissipation, ultra-small size, unique coulomb blockade oscillation characteristics which makes an attractive technology for future low power VLSI/ULSI systems. The Single Electron Transistor have extremely poor driving capabilities so that direct application to practical circuits is a yet almost impossible, to overcome th...

One of the most important tasks in design and manufacturing of integrated circuits is the testing phase. Distinguishing between faulty and fault free ICs is a difficult task Therefore, simulations are being done for different circuits to identify fault free and faulty circuits. The circuits include analog circuits, digital circuits &mixed signal circuits. Analog circuits like Low pass filter, H...