Koutsoupias and Papadimitriou recently raised the question of how well deterministic on-line paging algorithms can do against a certain class of adversarially biased random inputs [3]. Such an input is given in an on-line fashion; the adversary determines the next request probabilistically, subject to the constraint that no page may be requested with probability more than a xed > 0. In this pap...

10.1 Arrays and Hashing Arrays are very useful. The items in an array are statically addressed, so that inserting, deleting, and looking up an element each take O(1) time. Thus, arrays are a terrific way to encode functions { 1, . . . ,n }→ T, where T is some range of values and n is known ahead of time. For example, taking T = {0,1}, we find that an array A of n bits is a great way to store a ...

We introduce a novel amortization technique for computation of consecutive preimages of hash chains, given knowledge of the seed. While all previously known techniques have a memorytimes-computational complexity of O(n) per chain element, the complexity of our technique can be upper bounded at O(log n), making it a useful primitive for low-cost applications such as authentication, signatures an...

Mortgage-backed securities differ from corporate and government bonds in that their cash flows cannot be estimated with certainty, since homeowners often prepay their mortgages. Prepayments may include sale of the property, refinancing, curtailments, or liquidation of the property due to foreclosure. Standard fixed-income measurements, which allow investors to compare different types of bonds, ...

This study investigates acquirers’ allocation of purchase price between goodwill and identifiable intangible assets upon the completion of acquisitions. SFAS 142 replaces goodwill amortization with periodic impairment tests based on fair value estimates, while most identifiable intangible assets are still amortized over finite useful lives. As a result of the new differential accounting treatme...

Let f be a univariate polynomial with real coefficients, f ∈ R[X]. Subdivision algorithms based on algebraic techniques (e.g., Sturm or Descartes methods) are widely used for isolating the roots of f in a given interval. In this paper, we consider subdivision algorithms based on purely numerical primitives such as function evaluation. Such methods have adaptive complexity, are local, and are al...

EBITDA means earnings before (deduction of ) interest, taxation, depreciation and amortization. Many financiers and press reporters use EBITDA in a ratio with enterprise value, EV (Market value of equity + market value of debt minus surplus cash (cash not needed in the annual operations of the business)). It is compared to Enterprise Value (―EV‖), rather than equity value, because it includes t...