There has been a dramatic change in the field of field of telelcommunication service. M-ary Quadrature Amplitude modulation and Quadrature Phase shift Keying (QPSK) modulation schemes are considered in Wideband code Division Multiple Access(WCDMA) system. Here we are using MATLAB for simulation and evaluation of BER ( Bit Error Rate )and SNR(Siganl to Noise Ratio). There is analysis of Quadratu...

Frequency-shift-free all-optical amplitude regenerators based on fiber-four-wave mixing were investigated by means of simulations. These regenerators, comprised of two stages of highly nonlinear dispersion-shifted fiber, were designed using a heuristic procedure that implements a routine based on a genetic algorithm to optimize the device performance. A bit error rate improvement of up to four ...

In this paper we describe the architecture, implementation and experimental results for an Intracardiac Electrogram (ICEG) classification and compression chip. The chip processes and vector-quantises 30 dimensional analogue vectors while consuming a maximum of 2.5 J-tW power for a heart rate of 60 beats per minute (1 vector per second) from a 3.3 V supply. This represents a significant advance ...

Recently, optical differential phase shift keying (DPSK) has attracted much interest in high-speed optical transmission systems. It features constant intensity and thus is less vulnerable to the fiber nonlinearities. In addition to high-speed data transmission, it is desirable to carry relatively low-speed supervisory information simultaneously to facilitate the system monitoring and network ma...

background: noise-induced hearing loss (nihl) is a common, irreversible occupational disease. statins have recently been proposed to prevent nihl. objective: to assess the effect of atorvastatin for the prevention of nihl in rats. methods: in this experimental study, forty 2–3-month-old wistar male rats were divided into 5 groups of 8 animals. 3 groups of rats received atorvastatin at doses of ...