The way for explanation postischemic dementia processes has been one fraught with a wide range of complications and frequent revisions with a lack of a final clear solution. Data from animal models of brain ischemia and human ischemic brains studies have demonstrated an overexpression of amyloid precursor protein and increase production of a β-amyloid peptide. Restoration brain activity followi...

Accelerated molecular dynamics is used to explore the binding of Zn N-terminal fragment amyloid-β, and test performance AMBER-style forcefields. • AMBER forcefield reproduces NMR structure Zn(II) bound Aβ. Implicit solvent performs at least as well explicit in this regard. MD shows subtle difference for different modes. Free energy surface restriction size flexibility due Zn-binding. We report ...

Introduction: Evidence suggests that neuronal apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases is correlated with inflammatory reactions. The beneficial or detrimental role of apoptosis in neuroinflammation is unclear. Elucidating this question may be helpful in management of neurodegenerative diseases. Since TNF-α is able to induce apoptosis as well as increased viability of the cells by activation ...

Peptide/protein hormones could be stored as non-toxic amyloid-like structures in pituitary secretory granules. ACTH and β-endorphin are two of the important peptide hormones that get co-stored in the pituitary secretory granules. Here, we study molecular interactions between ACTH and β-endorphin and their colocalization in the form of amyloid aggregates. Although ACTH is known to be a part of A...

A FRET-based sensor protein presenting amyloid-like structures was successfully constructed for detecting the oligomeric assemblies of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) wild-type and FAD-related mutants.

Since 1998, a great deal of progress has been made towards determining and understanding the molecular structures of amyloid fibrils, including fibrils formed by the β-amyloid peptide that is associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Much of this progress has resulted from solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, which provide experimental constraints on molecular conformations and...

The polymorphic β-amyloid lesions present in individuals with Alzheimer's disease are collectively known as cerebral β-amyloidosis. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mouse models similarly develop β-amyloid depositions that differ in morphology, binding of amyloid conformation-sensitive dyes, and Aβ40/Aβ42 peptide ratio. To determine the nature of such β-amyloid morphotypes, β-amyloid-...

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Alzheimer’s (AD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are characterized by progressive loss of structure or function neurons. Current therapies for NDs only symptomatic long-term ineffective. This challenge has promoted the development new against relevant targets in these pathologies. In this revie...

alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. almost 47 million people suffer from dementia worldwide. ad accounts for approximately 60%–80% of all dementia cases. three major pathologies characterize the disease: senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and inflammation. we review the literature on events contributing to the inflammation. those i...

Cx3cr1, the receptor for the chemokine Cx3cl1 (fractalkine), has been implicated in the progression and severity of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in mice, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. A complicating factor is that Cx3cr1 has been demonstrated in both neurons and microglia. Here, we have dissected the differences between neuronal and microglial Cx3cr1, specifically by compa...