Bone is formed through the processes of endochondral and intramembranous ossification. In endochondral ossification primary mesenchymal cells differentiate to chondrocytes and then are progressively substituted by bone, while in intramembranous ossification mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate directly into osteoblasts to form bone. The steps of osteogenic proliferation, differentiation,...

The treatment of non union and delayed union of fractures and also defects resulting from bone cysts or bone tumors by bone grafting is reported and also we have used it. In these Papers the results of bone grafting for surgical treatment of 23 war injured patients with bone lost is reported, and our results were good. 

conclusion for the identification of nasal bone fractures, ct was significantly superior to conventional radiography. although a staff radiologist showed better values in the identification of nasal bone fracture and differentiation between depressed and non-depressed fractures than a trainee, there was no statistically significant difference in the interpretation of conventional radiography an...

Background: Bone marrow is the site of many malignant disorders and it is one of the common places for solid tumors to metastasize. Examination of the bone marrow aspirate and biopsy is a routine procedure performed for assessment of various conditions such as cytopenias, hematologic neoplasms, nonmalignant disorders and metastatic neoplasms. Methods: The patients were referred to the Hema...

introduction: the low regeneration of bone in defective bones causes therapeutic problems. various strategies to assess the healing of bone defects have been used which they include histological and histo-chemical analysis in an invasive study. the purpose of this study was to determine the ultrasonic parameters of bone as a promising noninvasive technology for assessing bone repair process. ma...

statement of problem: it is not known whether endochondral and intramembranous bones have distinct biological characteristics. octacalcium phosphate (ocp), a hydroxyapatite precursor, has been reported to stimulate bone formation after being implanted in parietal bone defects of rats. purpose: the present study was designed to investigate the response of endochondral and intramembranous bones t...

background: bone tissue engineering requires materials that are biocompatible, mechanically suited for bone function, integrated with the host skeleton, and support osteoinduction of the implanted cells for new bone formation. the aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic potential of xenograft with hydroxyapatite/β- tricalcium phosphate (ha/β-tcp) scaffold. methods: new zealand rabbits (...

osteoporosis (op) is a frequent complication of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and longitudinal studies have documented increased rate of bone loss in ra patients. to determine the frequency of low bone mass as well as the influence of disease duration and corticosteroid use on bone mass in patients with ra, 88 patients with ra and 112 age matched controls were studied. bone densitometry was perform...

Objectives: An efficient, safe, affordable and easily accessible measuring instrument for quantitative assessment of bone prior to dental implant placement enables more accurate treatment planning. Costly imaging modalities are neither widely available, nor affordable for some patients. This study sought to assess the efficacy of a newly designed digital bone gauge for measurement of bone width...

bone matrix gelatin (bmg) has been used for bone induction intramuscularly and subcutaneously by many investigators since 1965. more recently, some of the researchers have used bmg particles for bone repair and reported various results. in present study for evaluation of bone induction and new bone formation in parital defects, bmg particles were used in five groups of rats. the bmg was prepare...