In this study, a contract for vertical and horizontal coordination is developed in which transportation mode and carbon emissions tax play a key role in determining the values of the contract parameters. The contract is designed for simultaneous coordination of cooperative advertising and periodic review replenishment decisions of a supplier and two competitive retailers. To obtain the optimal ...

Mining is among the oldest industries. It is the primary source of raw materials for most of the sectors. Little is known about the complex inter-sectoral carbon linkages of the mining industry. In this work, we estimate the inter- and intra-sectoral carbon linkage impacts of the mining sector across ten major economies by applying an input-output model, and the hypothetical extraction method a...

In this study the performance and emissions characteristics of a heavy-duty, direct injection, Compression ignition (CI) engine which is specialized in agriculture, have been investigated experimentally. For this aim, the influence of injection timing, load, engine speed on power, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), peak pressure (PP), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), Carbon mon...

greenhouse gases emissions from burning fossil fuels and the effect of these gases on climate change is one of the most important ecological and political issues. in this study the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from tillage and soybean planting were assessed in gorgan. this study is done on 13 soybean farms in 2012. information related to tillage and planting operations were p...

in order to comply with stringent pollutant emissions regulations, a detailed analysis of the engine combustion and emission is required. in this field, computational tools like cfd and engine cycle simulation play a fundamental role. therefore, the goal of the present work is to simulate a high speed di diesel engine and study the combustion and major diesel engine emissions with more details,...

This study examines dynamic interrelationships and causality relationships among CO2 emissions, economic, political and financial variables over the period of 1971-2011 for the case of Iran as one of the top CO2 emitting countries in the world. The results of ARDL and Johansen cointegration approaches confirm the existence of long run relationship among CO2 emissions, energy consumption, GDP, f...

in this study the performance and emissions characteristics of a heavy-duty, direct injection, compression ignition (ci) engine which is specialized in agriculture, have been investigated experimentally. for this aim, the influence of injection timing, load, engine speed on power, brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc), peak pressure (pp), nitrogen oxides (nox), carbon dioxide (co2), carbon mon...

T he main aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of population total, gross domestic product per capita, urbanization rate and energy use on carbon emissions in Nigeria for a period of 1981-2015 using autoregressive distributed lag approach to co-integration (ARDL). The empirical results revealed evidence of a long run relationship among the variables. The generalized ridge ...

application of appropriate agricultural operations is a strategy to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural productions process. in this study, fuel consumption and greenhouse gases emissions values for each farm operation was evaluated in gorgan and ali-abad katol to soybean product. all activities and production processes about operations were monitored and re...