A key dogma of male pattern androgenetic alopecia (mpAGA) research is that clinically unaffected hair follicles (HFs) from the occipital scalp are androgen-insensitive, while frontotemporal and vertex (affected) HFs highly androgen-sensitive thus get miniaturized by testosterone (T) as consequence reduced dermal papilla (DP) inductivity increased DP fibroblast emigration. We have probed this tr...

The evolution of prostate cancer from an androgen-dependent state to one that is androgen-independent marks its lethal progression. The androgen receptor (AR) is essential in both, though its function in androgen-independent cancers is poorly understood. We have defined the direct AR-dependent target genes in both androgen-dependent and -independent cancer cells by generating AR-dependent gene ...

A full length human androgen receptor complementary DNA was introduced into androgen receptor-negative PC-3 cells to determine if androgen sensitivity could be established in this cell line and to assess what influence, if any, androgen exposure would have on the growth of these cells. The androgen receptor complementary DNA was inserted into pSG5 in the region controlled by the SV40 promoter. ...

Prostate cells are dependent on androgen for proliferation, but during tumor progression prostate cancer cells achieve independence from the androgen requirement. We report that androgen withdrawal fails to inhibit cell cycle progression or influence the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)/cyclins in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, indicating that these cells signal for cell...

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder affecting 4-12% of reproductive women worldwide; characterized by chronic anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound scan. Ovarian androgen overproduction is the key pathophysiologic feature of PCOS. A number of genes encoding major enzymes of the androgen meta...

The dermal papilla, located in the hair follicle, expresses androgen receptor and plays an important role in hair growth. Androgen/Androgen receptor actions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia, but the exact mechanism is not well known. Recent studies suggest that balding dermal papilla cells exhibit premature senescence, upregulation of p16(INK4a), and nuclear exp...

PURPOSE Prostate cancer frequently progresses from an initial androgen dependence to androgen independence, rendering the only effective androgen ablation therapy useless. The mechanism underlying the androgen-independent progression is incompletely understood. Interleukin (IL)-6 has been implicated in this androgen-independent progression. In this study, we tested whether IL-6 induces androgen...

To determine whether small cell neuroendocrine prostate cancers (NEPCa) emerging after anti-androgen treatments are different from the rarest cases diagnosed de novo, and to identify effective predictive markers. The expression of markers, androgen receptor (AR) androgen-regulated genes, as well markers aggressiveness, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing samp...

Androgen receptor signaling is critical in the development and progression of prostate cancer, leading to intensive efforts to elucidate all potential points of inflection for therapeutic intervention. These efforts have revealed newmechanisms of resistance and raise the possibility that knownmechanismsmay become even more relevant in the context of effective androgen receptor suppression. Thes...

 Leydig stromal cell tumor is a rare ovarian tumor that belongs to the group of sex-cord stromal tumors. They produce testosterone leading to hyperandrogenism. We present a 41yr old woman with symptoms of virilization and a mass of right adenex via ultra Sonography, and a rise of total and free serum testosterone. An ovarian source of androgen was suspected and a surgery performed. A diagnosis ...