Metamorphic coesite and diamond in the Dabie Shan, eastern China, testify to subduction of continental crust to >100 km depth. Exhumation of these ultrahigh-pressure rocks through the crust encompassed two stages. (1) South-dipping foliation, southeastplunging stretching lineation, lineation-parallel isoclinal folds, and boudins indicate extreme subhorizontal shortening and subvertical extensio...

Physiological studies of larval fishes have lagged far behind those of adults, yet offer tremendous opportunities for expanding our knowledge of the basic biology of both marine and freshwater fishes. Physiological studies of larval fishes can also improve research and management in areas of applied science, such as aquaculture, fisheries, and environmental assessment. Additionally, larval fish...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic organelle that plays a critical role in many cellular processes. Abnormal ER morphology is associated with some human diseases, although little is known regarding how ER morphology is regulated. Using a forward genetic screen to identify genes that regulated ER morphology in Drosophila, we identified a mutant of Sec22, the orthologs of which in...

Study of dendritic morphology through Golgi impregnation techniques has significantly furthered our understanding of neuronal development, maturation, and senescence. It has also provided insight into the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of disease processes ranging from brain malformations to degenerative disorders. Golgi impregnation remains virtually the only method for demonstrating dendriti...

Cells have been established in continuous culture from human and animal tissues, both normal and carcinomatous. From 197 specimens, 105 could be maintained in vitro for varying lengths of time, 27 for more than 6 months. In all cases the cells were found to be diploid. Cell lines with both epithelial and fibroblastic morphology have been isolated in medium 199 with added fetal calf serum, but a...

Animal species have adapted their morphology (the placement of sensors and actuators, specific characteristics, etc.) to their ecological niche. However, so far very little is known about the relationship between the morphology of an evolutionary system such as self-organizing robot and its adaptive behavior in the environment. In this paper we investigate the evolutionary development of embodi...

background: one of the domains of scientific activities is working on animals. performing experiments on animals is per­missible only with the purpose of obtaining necessary information for saving and improving life of human be­ings or ani­mals. principally, all religions believe that human life is more valuable than animal life and humans have a god-given au­thority over animals, but they shou...

PCD (programmed cell death) in plants presents important morphological and biochemical differences compared with apoptosis in animal cells. This raises the question of whether PCD arose independently or from a common ancestor in plants and animals. In the present study we describe a cell-free system, using wheat grain nucellar cells undergoing PCD, to analyse nucleus dismantling, the final stag...